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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional group?

A

Group of atoms in a molecule responsible for its chemical properties

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2
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Group of chemicals containing the same functional group, which therefore have similar chemical properties

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3
Q

What is the functional group of an alkene?

A

C=C

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4
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

A

O-H

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5
Q

Do alkenes combust?

A

Alkanes burn in oxygen, this combustion can be complete or incomplete

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6
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Double bond breaks to allow other atoms to join the molecule, a new bond forms to each carbon atom in the double bond

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7
Q

What are the conditions needed for an addition reaction of an alkene to produce an alkane?

A

Hydrogen present
Platinum catalyst
150° C

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8
Q

What are the conditions needed for an addition reaction to produce an alcohol?

A

Water present
An H3PO4 catalyst
300° C

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9
Q

What are the conditions needed to produce a halo alkane in an addition reaction?

A

Having a halogen present

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10
Q

Do alcohols combust?

A

Alcohols burn in oxygen

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11
Q

What can alcohols be used as?

A

Solvent
Feedstock
Fuel

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12
Q

What is the fermentation of glucose?

A

Glucose forms, ethanol and carbon dioxide when yeast respires anaerobically in 37°C heat

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13
Q

What is the hydration of ethene?

A

Ethan forms ethanol when it is past with steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst at 300° C under pressure of 60 to 70 atmospheres

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14
Q

What is the oxidation of an alcohol?

A

The alcohol molecule has oxygen atoms added to it to form a carboxylic acid, the chemical added is an oxidising agent.

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15
Q

What are alcohols?

A

Alcohol is neutral but react slowly with sodium

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16
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

A

O
||
C - OH

17
Q

Are carboxylic acids, strong acids?

A

No, a carboxylic acid is only partially dissociated and therefore forms an equilibrium in water. This means that H+ is released.

18
Q

What do carboxylic acids react with?

A

Bases

19
Q

What is the functional group of an Esther?

A

O
||
C. - O

20
Q

How do you obtain an Esther?

A

Reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids

21
Q

What catalyst is used in esterification?

A

Sulphuric acid

22
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Small molecules that can be joined to other molecules to make a long chain molecule

23
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Long chain made up from joining lots of small molecules together

24
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Double bond is broken

25
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

Many monomers joining together to form a polymer

26
Q

How do we name a Polymer?

A

Place poly-, in front of the name of the monomer

27
Q

What is the only thing that changes in addition polymerisation?

A

The double bond

28
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

Reaction that eliminates a small small molecule such as water when the reactants join together

29
Q

What is true of esterification?

A

It’s a condensation reaction

30
Q

How are polyesters formed?

A

By reacting diols and dicarboxylic acid

31
Q

How can we work out the monomer?

A

We can work out the monomer by looking at where the Esther bonds are

32
Q

What is the important to remember?

A

We can have a monomer that has two different functional groups

33
Q

What are the similarities between the two types of polymerisation?

A

Both made of monomers
Both form long chains

34
Q

What are the differences between the two types of polymerisation?

A

C=C in addition and alcohol and carboxylic acid
Addition has only one monomer, condensation can have one or more
Addition has no side products whereas condensation produces H2O
Addition is a long carbon single bond chain whereas condensation has an ester functional group

35
Q

What are the four biological polymers?

A

Glucose - Cellulose
Glucose - Starch
Nucleotides - DNA
Amino acids - Polypeptides

Chemistry (5 decks)

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