Organic Chemistry

Question 0

Functional grouo

Answer 0

Is an atom or a group of atoms responsible for the typical chemical reaction of a molecule

Question 1

Naming

Prefixes

Answer 1

1 meth
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5 pent
6 hex
7 sept
8 oct

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

Is a family of organic compounds with the same functional group but differ by CH2.
Same general formula
Trend in physical properties
Similar chemical oroperties

Question 3

Isomers

Answer 3

Same molecular formula but different atom arrangement

Question 4

Positional isomerism

Answer 4

The functional group is attached to the main chain at different points

Question 5

Functional group isomerism

Answer 5

Different functional group

Question 6

Chain isomerism

Answer 6

The hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently (branched)

Question 7

Alkanes

Answer 7

Saturated hydrocarbons with only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds.
CnH2n+2

Question 8

Polarity of alkanes

Answer 8

Almost non-polar > only van der Waals

The larger the molecule the stringer the van der Waals

Question 9

Boiling points of alkanes

Answer 9

The longer the chain the stronger the van der Waals the higher the boiling points

Question 10

Solubility if alkanes

Answer 10

Insoluble in water because water is held by hydrogen bond (much stronger)
Soluble in non-polar liqiuds

Question 11

Fractional distillation

Answer 11

To separate the mixture of crude oil by heating and collecting the fractions that boil over different ranges if temperature

Question 12

Fractionating tower

Answer 12

Bubble caps- condense here

Shorter chain collected near the top

Question 13

Purpose of cracking

Answer 13

To produce shorter, more useful chains

To produce alkenes

Question 14

Thermal cracking

Answer 14

High cost
High temp 700-1200K
High pressure 7000kPa
Produce alkane + alkene

Question 15

Catalytic cracking

Answer 15

Low cost
Low temp 720K
Low pressure 1atm
Zeolite catalyst
Produce (mostly branched) alkanes + alkenes

Question 16

Complete combustion of alkanes

Answer 16

Alkane + oxygen –> co2 + h2o

Question 17

Incomplete combustion of alkanes

Answer 17

Alkane + oxygen –> co + h20

Carbon monoxide - toxic