Organic Chemistry Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Organic molecules

A

Molecules containing carbon atoms

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2
Q

Molecular formula

A

A chemical formula that indicates the type of atoms and the correct number of each in molecule

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3
Q

Structural formula

A

A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms together

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4
Q

Condensed structural formula

A

This notation shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule, but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines

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5
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only

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6
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group that can be described by the same general formula

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7
Q

Saturated compounds

A

Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains

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8
Q

Unsaturated compounds

A

Compound with one or more multiple bounds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains

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9
Q

Functional group

A

A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds

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10
Q

Structural isomer

A

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae

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11
Q

Chain isomers

A

Same molecular formula, but different types of chains

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12
Q

Positional isomers

A

Same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain

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13
Q

Functional isomers

A

Same molecular formula, but different functional groups

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14
Q

Vapour pressure

A

The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system

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15
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure

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16
Q

Melting point

A

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium

17
Q

Cracking of alkanes

A

The chemical process in which longer chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter more useful molecules