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organic chemistry > Organic Chemistry EXAM 1 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how can you predict the reactivity of a molecular structure

A

it is going to depend on the physical structure

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2
Q

bonding

A

electrons/ the electrostatic forces that hold atoms together

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3
Q

columb’s law

A

it shows that opposite attract to each other and it is going to show electron/ electron repulsion

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4
Q

spontaneous reaction

A

there is going to be a movement from a place of less stability to a space of more stability. this means that there is going to be a release of energy

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5
Q

iconic bond

A

transfer of electrons, and one of the atoms are going to take all of the electron densities

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6
Q

covalent bond

A

it is going to be a sharing of electrons and electron density, there are to types of covalent bonds: Polar covalent and nonpolar covalent

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7
Q

polar covalent bond

A

in this bond there is going to be an unequal sharing of the electron density. here the electronegative atom is going to have the most electron and is going to be represented by a - while the other atom is going to be a positive. this same thing can also be shown through ->

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8
Q

why are the atoms okay with sharing their electrons

A

They are okay with sharing the electrons because they want to have a complete octet. this is only true for atoms in the second group

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9
Q

what are the number of bonds with C,N,O

A

C is going to have 4 bonds with 0 LP, and N is going to have 3 bonds with 1 LP, O is going to have 2 bonds with 2 LP

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10
Q

connectivity

A

how the atoms are actually connected with each other. This is going to be the structural form

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11
Q

line and the sceleton

A

the shortest form of writing a structure the bends of each of the lines is going to represent a carbons and the hydrogen on the carbon’s aren’t shown

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12
Q

structural isomers

A

the are the same molecularly, but are different connectively

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13
Q

hydrocarbons

A

only consist of C-H bonds, the saturated have single bonds and are know as alkanes. The unsaturated have double or triple bonds and they are either going to be Alkenes or alkynes

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14
Q

Levels of unsaturation

A

a double is going to have 1 level of unsaturation and a triple is going to have 2 degrees of unsaturation

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15
Q

benzene who many units of unsaturation?

A

benzene is going to have 4 units of unsaturation. The double bonds are going to be three and the ring is going to have a unit of unsaturation

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16
Q

formal charge

A

charge on an ato

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17
Q

formal charge equation

A

the group number - the valence electrons and the number of dots

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18
Q

complexation

A

when one of the compound is going to donate all of the electrons to another compound
ex: NH3 and BH3. Here, the NH3 is going to donate the electrons to BH3. The NH3 is going to be the electron donor(Lewis Base) while the BH3 is going to be the acceptor(Lewis acid)

19
Q

What is the rule about an octet

A

A compound with charges is going to be stable if it has an octet

20
Q

Resonance forms

A

molecule with several correct Lewis structures

21
Q

what is the use of the curved red arrows

A

the arrows help to show where the next movement of the resonance is going to be

22
Q

Why do some compound form resonance structures

A

they form resonance structures to create dissonance, which means that they want to create space to decrease electron-electron repulsion

23
Q

are all of the resonance equal to each other

A

no some of the ressonance contribute more than the others. The ones that contribute more are called major contributor and they are more stable and the other is called minor contributor because it contributes less

24
Q

What is the order that we need to look at when deciding if something is going to be a major or a minor contributor

A

it has to fill the octet, it have to have a separation of charge( a negative and a positive) on the element, the separation of charge has to be on the correct ones.

25
Q

covalent bonds

A

3d structure, and have directionality

26
Q

bond length

A

measured by amstraf and is known as the average distance b/w the two nuclei

27
Q

bond angle

A

formed by the interaction of 2 covalent bonds

28
Q

how is bond length affected with the increase of atomic size

A

an increase in atomic structure is going to cause an increase in bond length. The bond length increase means that the bond is going to be weaker

29
Q

why does a shorter bond length mean a stronger bond

A

electrons have a stronger electrostatic interaction which makes them come closer together

30
Q

bond strength

A

measure w/ standard bond disassociation energy

31
Q

Homocytic Cleavage

A

when the compound is separated, each of the electron goes it each of the element

32
Q

heterocytic cleavage

A

one of the compound is going to take both of the electron when there is going to be a seperation. it is also called a proton transfer reacction

33
Q

is there a relationship b/w bond strength and Acidity

A

NO

34
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

it is the strongest intermolecular force, it happends between O,N
can occur w/ the same molecule

35
Q

with the same molecule how o you know that one is going to be a h bond acceptor and the other is going to be a bond donor

A

in any molecule, there has to be the elements (O, N) bond and a hydrogen bond

36
Q

molecular orbital theory

A

it is going to explain bonding where the atomic bonds are going to combine together to form molecular orbitals

37
Q

what are the two phases of two atoms coming together

A

You are going to have an in phase which is going to be known as constructive phase. in this phase, the elements are going to bond together. Then, you have your out phase where they are not going to bond to each other and create a node,

38
Q

what is a node

A

it’s an area without electron density and creates an anti-body. sigma with an asterisk

39
Q

MO diagrams

A

description of the molecular orbital diagram, it is going build from low energy. you should create a stable bond with no destructive bond

40
Q

what are the other the theories of the MO diagrams

A

the number of molecular orbitals are going to be equal to the number of atomic orbitals
the MO energy is going to increase and the antibonding energy is going to increase
fill from the lowest energy to the highest energy

41
Q

what is going to happen if the bonding /antiaging cancel each other out

A

No, the bonding and the antibonding are going to cancel each other out. Hence, there is no additional stability

42
Q

hybridization

A

you are going to combine orbital to make identical orbitals

43
Q

rules of hybridization

A
  • major lobe extends further than the nucleus
  • number of orbitals remain the same
  • hybrids orbital energy is in between the original atomic orbital
44
Q

what atoms are going to get hybridization?

A

it is going to happened with B, C, N,O

organic chemistry (1 decks)

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