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My Chemistry > Organic molecules > Flashcards

Organic molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is aliphatic?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

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2
Q

What is alicyclic?

A

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

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3
Q

What is aromatic?

A

A compound containing a benzene ring

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4
Q

What is saturated?

A

Single carbon-carbon bonds only

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5
Q

What is unsaturated?

A

The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds, including C=C, C≡C and aromatic rings

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6
Q

What’s the molecular formula?

A

Represents the number of atoms in a molecule

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7
Q

What’s the general formula?

A

Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series

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8
Q

What’s the general formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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9
Q

What’s the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

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10
Q

What’s the general formula for ketones?

A

CnH2nO

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11
Q

What’s the general formula for aldehydes?

A

CnH2nO

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12
Q

What’s the displayed formula?

A

Shows all atoms and all bonds it shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them

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13
Q

What’s the structural formula?

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule but no bonds e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH3

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14
Q

What’s the difference between ketones and aldehydes?

A

The carbonyl C=O group is on the end carbon of aldehydes, but a central carbon of a ketone

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15
Q

What’s the suffix for aldehydes?

A

(al) Propanal

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16
Q

In what order are the alkyl groups named on an organic molecule?

A

Alphabetic (ethyl, methyl and propyl)

17
Q

What factors are effected by isomerism?

A

Melting point, boiling point, reactivity and volatility

18
Q

What are the two types of isomerism?

A

Structural and stereoisomerism

19
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

20
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but with different 3D arrangement in space

21
Q

What are the two types of stereoisomers?

A

E-Z and optical

22
Q

What causes E-Z isomers?

A

Occurs due to restricted rotation about a double bond and the presence of two different groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group

23
Q

What are cis/trans isomers arrangement?

A

E (trans) are functional groups on opposite sides
Z (cis) are functional groups on the same side

24
Q

What functional groups in E-Z isomers have priority according to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP)?

A

Highest atomic number

25
Q

What is optical isomerism?

A

Type of stereoisomerism where isomers are non-superimposable mirror images about a chiral centre (same structural formula)

26
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

Are optical isomers or non-superimposable mirror images

27
Q

What is the chiral centre?

A

A carbon atom bonded to four different atoms/groups, has a tetrahedral shape, known as an asymmetric carbon

28
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

29
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

30
Q

What are the different type of covalent fission?

A

Homolytic and heterolytic

31
Q

What’s the difference between homolytic and heterolytic fission?

A

Homolytic means each bonding atom receives one electron forming two free radicals, whereas in heterolytic fission one of the atoms receives both the electrons

32
Q

What is a free radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron

33
Q

What is sigma bonds (σ bonds)?

A

Overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms, allows free rotation

34
Q

What are pi bonds?

A

Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms, restricting rotation

My Chemistry (10 decks)

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