Organic Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
what can alkanes form
A
only haloalkanes
2
Q
what is the reaction for alkane to haloalkane
A
- add halogen
- UV light
- free radical substitution!
3
Q
what can alkenes form
A
alkanes (hydrogenation)
alcohols (hydration)
haloalkanes (electrophilic addition)
4
Q
what is the reaction for alkenes to alkanes
A
- add H2
- Ni catalyst, 473K/330C, high pressure
- hydrogenation
5
Q
what is the reaction for alkenes to haloalkanes
A
- add hydrogen halide
- room temperature
- electrophilic addition!
6
Q
what is the reaction of alkenes to alcohols
A
- steam/ H2O(g)
- H3PO4 catalyst
- hydration
7
Q
what can haloalkanes form
A
alcohols
8
Q
what is the reaction of haloalkanes to alcohols
A
- add sodium hydroxide NaOH(aq)
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution/ hydrolysis!
9
Q
what things can alcohols form
A
- haloalkanes
- alkenes
- oxidation products: carboxylic acids, ketones and aldehydes
10
Q
reaction for alcohol to alkene
A
- acid catalysT (H2SO4/H3PO4)
- heat under reflux
- elimination/dehydration
11
Q
reaction for alcohols to haloalkanes
A
- add hydrogen halide in situ (made from adding sodium halide and dilute H2SO4)
- heat under reflux
- substitution
12
Q
how do you get from alcohol to carboxylic acid
A
- primary alcohol
- K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
- heat under reflux
- oxidation
13
Q
how do you get from an alcohol to aldehyde
A
- primary alcohol
-K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 - heat to distil
- oxidation
14
Q
how do you get from alcohol to ketone
A
- secondary alcohol
- K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
- heat under reflux
- oxidation
15
Q
all ways you can make haloalkanes
A
- alkane + UV + halogen
- alkene + halogen halide + room temp
- alcohol + hydrogen halide in situ + under reflux
