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Extra Chemistry Stuff > Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Alkene to Dihaloalkane

A

Br2, Cl2
Room temperature

Electrophilic Addition

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2
Q

Alkene to Polyalkene

A

High Pressure
Catalyst

Addition polymerisation

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3
Q

Alkene to Alkane

A

H2
Nickel Catalyst
150°c

Addition/Reduction

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4
Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

Steam
H3PO4 Catalyst
300°c
60-70 atm

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5
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

Conc. H2SO4 or H3PO4 catalyst
170°c

Elimination / dehydration

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6
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

UV light
X2

Free radical substitution

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7
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

NaOH or KOH (aq)
Reflux

Nucleophilic Substitution

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8
Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

A

HX
Room temperature

Electrophilic Addition

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9
Q

Alcohol to Haloalkane

A

NaX
H2SO4
Heat under reflux

Substitution

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10
Q

Alcohol to Ester

3 Methods

A
  1. Carboxylic Acid,
    H2SO4
    Heat
  2. Acyl chloride
  3. Acid anhydride

Esterification

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11
Q

Ester to Alcohol

A

Dilute acid catalyst or Alkali

Reflux

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12
Q

1° Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Distillation

Partial Oxidation

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13
Q

2° Alcohol to Ketone

A

K2CR2O7 / H2SO4
Reflux

Oxidation

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14
Q

Carbonyl to Hydroxynitrile

A

KCN / HCl

Nucleophilic Addition

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15
Q

Nitrile/Hydroxynitrile to Amine

A 
LiAlH4 then dilute acid 
Or 
H2
Nickel Catalyst
High temperature + pressure
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16
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

Excess ethanolic ammonia
Heat under pressure

Nucleophilic Substitution

17
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Reflux

Oxidation

18
Q

Nitrile / Hydroxynitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O
Dilute HCl
Reflux

Acid Hydrolysis

19
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

NaCN or KCN
Ethanol
Reflux

Nucleophilic Substitution

20
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride

A

SOCl2

21
Q

Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O

Room temperature

22
Q

Acyl Chloride to 1° Amide

A

NH3

Room temperature

23
Q

Acyl Chloride to 2° Amide

A

Primary Amine

Room temperature

24
Q

Acyl Chloride to Ester

A

Alcohol

20°c

25
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

A

Alcohol
Acid Catalyst
Heat

Esterification

26
Q

Ester to Carboxylic Acid

A

Dilute Acid

Reflux

27
Q

Benzene to Halobenzene

A

X2
AlCl3 Catalyst
Reflux

Electrophilic Substitution

28
Q

Benzene to Phenylketone

A

Acyl Chloride
AlCl3 Catalyst
Reflux

Electrophilic Substitution

29
Q

Benzene to Alkylbenzene

A

Haloalkane
AlCl3 Catalyst
Reflux

30
Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

Conc. HNO3
Conc. H2SO4
Warm

31
Q

Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine

A

Tin (Sn)
Conc. HCl
Reflux
Then NaOH (aq)

32
Q

Phenol to 2,4,6-Tribromophenol

A

Br2 (aq)

20°c

33
Q

Phenol to Sodium Phenoxide

A

NaOH

20°c

34
Q

Phenol to Phenylester

A

Acyl Chloride

20°c

35
Q

Phenol to 2-Nitrophenol / 4-Nitrophenol

A

Dilute HNO3

20°c

36
Q

Phenylamine to diazonium ion

A

NaNO2
HCl
Below 10°c

Extra Chemistry Stuff (9 decks)

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