Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

-RBC contains red pigmentation, haemoglobin, which combines with oxygen to become oxyhemoglobin.
-Once RBC reaches tissues, oxyhemoglobin splits back into haemoglobin and oxygen so it’s able to diffuse into our cells.

Question 2

What are the 4 mains things blood consists of?

Answer 2

-red blood cell
-white blood cell
-platelets
-plasma

Question 3

Aveoli adaptation

Answer 3

• very thin walls
• large surface area
• good blood supply
• moist walls = allow gases to dissolve
  and diffuse easily

Question 4

Arteries adaptations

Answer 4

• High pressure
• Thick middle layer = muscle tissue
• muscle tissue = strength and direct
  blood flow
• elastic tissue = stretch and recoil
• narrow lumen

Question 5

Red blood cells adaptations

Answer 5

• no nucleus = more room to carry
  oxygen
• shaped as a biconcave disc = large
  surface area for absorbing O2
• small & flexible = fit through narrow
  vessels
• thin membrance so gases can easily
  diffuse

Question 6

How do white blood cells defend us from pathogens

Answer 6

• Phagocytosis = engulf pathogen
• Antibodies = bind onto pathogens
• Antitoxins = neutralise any toxins

Question 7

Platelets function

Answer 7

Help blood to clot at a wound = stops blood from bleeding and microorganisms from getting in

Question 8

Artificial blood

Answer 8

• salt water
• adds volume = keeps vessel full
  keeping our heart pumping
• on replace 1/3 of our blood as it does
  not consists of rbc

Question 9

Blood transfusion

Answer 9

donated from another person

Question 10

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 10

When the coronary arteries start to get block b the build up of layers of fatty material

Question 11

What are the 2 main treatments for coronary heart disease

Answer 11

• stents
• statins

Question 12

stent

Answer 12

An a expandable tube inside artery to hold open = blood can keep flowing

Question 13

benefits of stent

Answer 13

• surgery quick
• effective for the long-term

Question 14

issues of stent

Answer 14

• require surgery = infection, heart
  attack
• blood clot near stent

Question 15

statin

Answer 15

Alters the balance of cholesterol in the bloodstream
- decreases LDL and increases HDL

Question 16

issues of statins

Answer 16

• taken regularly
• side effects - headaches, kidney failure

Question 17

Where about is the stomata in the leaf?

Answer 17

Lower epidermis

Question 18

Where does the CO2 go after diffusing through the stomata?

Answer 18

enters the spongy mesophyll

Question 19

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 19

Contains big air spaces to allow gases to diffuse through

Question 20

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 20

Where most of photosynthesis happens
- palisade cells filled with chloroplasts

Question 21

Upper epidermis

Answer 21

Transparant so light can pass through to the palisade layer

Question 22

after glucose is produce in the palisade mesophyll where does it go?

Answer 22

Through the phloem

Question 23

How does the leaf reduce water loss

Answer 23

• Waxy cuticle on top
• Stomata kept open for a short amount of time

Question 24

Adaptations of guard cells

Answer 24

• When there is a lot of water in the leaf, the
  guard cells become turgid making the gap
  larger for more co2
• When the plant is short in water, the guard
  cells lose water due to osmosis ( flaccid)
  making it close and the plant no longer takes in
  CO2 but conserve it’s water vapour
• sensitive to light so they close at night

Question 25

meristem tissue

Answer 25

Made up of plant stem cells and is found at the tips of shoots and roots

Question 26

tanslocation

Answer 26

Phloem tubes (made from living) transport food substances (dissolved sugars) from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use (growth) or for storage
- transport both directions

Question 27

phloem tube adaptations

Answer 27

Has small pores in the end walls allowing cell sap to flow through

Question 28

Xylem adaptation

Answer 28

• Made from dead cells
• no ends
• strengthened by lignin

Question 29

transpiration

Answer 29

The movement of water from the roots to through the xylem and out of the leaves.

Question 30

What are the 4 factors of transpiration

Answer 30

• light intensity
• temperature
• air flow
• humidity

Question 31

Light intesity affects on tanspiration

Answer 31

• brighter light = more photosynthesis
• stomata has to be open for co2
• more water can evaporate
• higher rate of transpiration

Question 32

temperature affects of transpiration

Answer 32

• warmer = higher rate
• the water particles will have more energy and
  more likely to evaporate