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AP Biology > Organization of the Human Body Notes > Flashcards

Organization of the Human Body Notes Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue’s fuction

A

cover body surfaces

line internal organs and cavities

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3
Q

Epithelial cell structure shapes

A

Squamous (fried egg)

Cuboidal (same height and width)

Columnar (taller than width)

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4
Q

Connective Tissue types (6)

A

Loose connective, Fibrous connective, Adipose, Cartilage, Bone, Blood

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5
Q

Loose connective tissue’s structure/function

A

consists of ropelike strong/resilient collagen and elastic fibers

joins skin to underlying tissues

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6
Q

Fibrous connective tissue’s structure/function

A

densely packed collagen fibers

forms tendons that attach muscle to bone

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7
Q

Adipose tissue

A

stores fat in large closely packed cells held in a matrix of fibers

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8
Q

Cartilage

A

strong/flexible skeletal material that commonly surrounds the ends of bones

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9
Q

Bone

A

collagen fibers embedded in a hard mineral substance containing calcium, magnesium, and phosphate

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10
Q

Blood

A

transports substances throughout the body

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11
Q

Connective Tissue’s function

A

holds the body together

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12
Q

Muscle tissue is the most _____ tissue in most animal

A

abundant

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13
Q

3 types of vertebrate muscle tissue

A

Skeletal Muscle (voluntary movements)

Cardiac Muscle (pumps blood)

Smooth Muscle (moves walls of internal organs like intestines)

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14
Q

Nervous Tissue’s function

A

senses stimuli

rapidly transmits information

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15
Q

Nuerons

A

carry signals by conducting electrical impulses

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16
Q

Other cells in nervous tissue

A

insulate axons

nourish neurons

regulate the fluid around neurons

17
Q

Organ

A

A collection of tissues joined together to serve a common function

18
Q

Organ system examples are

A

Circulatory, Respiratory, Integumentary, Muscular, Urinary, Digestive, Endocrine, Lymphatic/Immune, Nervous, Reproducive

19
Q

Integumentary System (6)

A

The skin or “covering”

barrier against infection

helps regulate temperature

removes waste

senses environment by touch

protects against UV rays

20
Q

Muscular System (3)

A

Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac

Connects to bones with tendons

Allows body movement

Pumps blood

21
Q

Skeletal System (5)

A

The bones or “structure”

supports the body

protects internal organs

stores minerals

makes new blood cells

22
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

80 bones and top half of skeleton minus arms

23
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

126 hones and bottom half of skeleton plus arms

24
Q

Circulatory System (5)

A

The pathways in the body

Circulates oxygen/co2

Circulates nutrients

Aides in waste elimination

Circulates blood cells

25
Q

Circulatory System’s blood vessel’s 3 parts and their functions

A

Artery (carries oxygen rich blood from heart to tissues)

Capillary (bring nutrients/oxygen to tissues and take waste products away)

Vein (carry oxygen poor blood from tissues to heart)

26
Q

Respiratory System (3)

A

Breathing

Exchanges co2 for oxygen

Allows bodies to convert glucose to energy

27
Q

Digestive System (2)

A

Food to fuel

Small Intestine (villi makes enormous surface area to absorb almost 100% of available nutrients before food passes to the large intestine)

28
Q

Excretory System (3)

A

Waste elimination

Kidneys/nephrons (filter blood, maintain pH, regulate water content)

Some filtrate is reabsorbed and the rest is collected in the bladder and excreted through the ureter

29
Q

Endocrine System (1)

A

produces hormones

30
Q

Hormones produced by the Endocrine System regulate

A

Sleep/wake cycles

Metabolism

Immune System

Stress Response

Water elimination

Calcium in blood

Glucose in blood

31
Q

Lymphatic System (5)

A

Returns nutrient-rich fluid (lymph) from blood back into the circulatory system

Lymph nodes filers lymph and traps bacteria/disease pathogens

Lymph circulates by osmotic pressure/muscle contractions

Thymus (makes lymphocytes)

Spleen (cleans blood and removes damaged red blood cells)

32
Q

Nervous System (4)

A

Controls/Coordinates internal/external functions, movements, and responses of the body

Somatic (conscious control)
Autonomic (involuntary)

“Messages” are sent as electrical impulses throughout the body

33
Q

Neurons are classified by

A

the direction they carry impulses

34
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Sensory (from sense organs to spinal cord/brain)

Motor (from brain and spinal cord to muscles/glands)

Interneurons (connect sensory and motor neurons)

35
Q

Each half of the brain controls the _______ side of the body

A

opposite

AP Biology (2 decks)

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