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Origins and Meanings Flashcards

1
Q

what sources do catholics use to form beliefs on the origin of the universe

A

the bible and science

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2
Q

quote from st john paul II about science and religion

A

“there is no conflict between science and religion”

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3
Q

what was the universe described as in genesis originally

A

“formless and empty”

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4
Q

beliefs about the origin of the universe

A

nothing at the beginning
everything must have come from somewhere
only being capable of creating everything is god - omnipotent, eternal and transcendent
so god planned the big bang

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5
Q

what does pope francis say about god and the origin of the universe

A

“we run the risk of imagining god was a magician with a magic wand…but that is not so”

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6
Q

who first argued the big bang

A

a catholic priest called father lemditre

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7
Q

what do catholics believe god caused the earth to do

A

expand from something small - ‘cosmic egg’

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8
Q

st augustine’s beliefs on creation

A

bible is the word of god without mistakes
accurately recounts truth of universe
god created the world ex nihilo
god spoke and created everything
god didn’t use pre-existing material to create the universe
god is omnipotent transcendent and eternal

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9
Q

what does st augustine say about creation in his confessions

A

“out of nothing you created heaven and earth”

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10
Q

what command did god give in creation

A

“let there be light”

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11
Q

what do creationists (christian belief) believe about the origin of the universe

A

account is accurate and literal
direct word of god
shows god is creator
did it in 7 days
earth is young
created all animals in their final form

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12
Q

what are jewish beliefs on creation

A

god is creator and source of all life
celebrate sabbath
god created world in 6 days and rested on 7th
genesis found in first book of torah

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13
Q

orthodox beliefs on creation

A

genesis is true accounts
revealed to moses by god on mount sinai
reject evolution
reject big bang

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14
Q

reform beliefs on creation

A

creation accounts are not historical facts
each day can class as billions of years
open to interpretation
god started the universe through the big bang
god is still a sustainer and provider

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15
Q

what does science base its knowledge upon

A

evidence and things which can be tested (empirical knowledge)

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16
Q

how does the big bang work

A

an expansion from a single point
created time space and matter
forming stars that explode and spread matter
forming planets including the earth

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17
Q

what is evidence to suggest the big bang is true

A

the universe is still expanding - “red shift” as planets are moving away
nasa detected left over heat caused by big bang

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18
Q

which scientists support the big bang

A

hubble
gamow
wilson and pensiaz
stephen hawking

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19
Q

why does hubble believe in the big bang

A

he proved the universe is expanding

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20
Q

why does gamow believe in the big bang

A

he proved the universe is hot and full of energy

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21
Q

why do wilson and pensiaz believe the big bang

A

discovered background radiation from expansion

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22
Q

what does hawking say about the big bang

A

“because there is a law such as gravity the universe can and will create itself from nothing”

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23
Q

which book did charles darwin publish

A

on the origin of the species by means of natural selection

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24
Q

what did charles darwin observe

A

finches with different beak shapes and sizes suited to environment
proving mutations passed on for survival
proving variation in species

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25
Q

what ideas did charles darwin put forward

A

life starts as simple genes and they mutate creating species
all life is interconnected
common ancestors
survival of the fittest
natural selection

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26
Q

what is evidence for evolution

A

fossils show species that haven’t survived and show earlier forms of mutated animals
dna research shows close similarities between species eg humans and chimpanzees

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27
Q

catholics on evolution

A

use a combination of the bible and science
catholic church does not expect catholics to believe humans created on the sixth day looking how they do now
god created big bang with purpose - everything part of his plan
god is omniscient so it is part of his plan
evolution requires a designer and god is the only omnipotent enough to be it
science only says how something is created not why - god gives life meaning and purpose
genesis is not a history book -explanation for evolution is evidence of god
beauty and complexity of evolution shows gods omnibenevolence

28
Q

what does pope francis say about evolution and genesis

A

“competing beliefs in creation and evolution could coexist”

29
Q

what does pope francis say about inconsistency of evolution and creation

A

“evolution in nature is not inconsistent with the notion of creation”

30
Q

what does youcat say on evolution

A

“faith is open to the findings and hypotheses of the sciences”

31
Q

how is evolution shown in genesis

A

states god made everything in its final form
god created the world to suit its creation
environment and organisms gradually changing to meet environment doesn’t suit teaching
animals killing animals to live doesn’t show omnibenevolence from god in creating them

32
Q

richard dawkins on evolution

A

empirical evidence shows there is no designer god
everything on earth created by evolution
“why believe in something with no evidence”
“there is no positive reason to show god exists”
anyone who uses god to explain creation is filling knowledge gaps ‘ god of the gaps’

33
Q

christian’s on evolution

A

the bible literally provides all information you need
genesis states god made everything in final form - taken literally

34
Q

catholics on origin and sanctity of life

A

each person is unique because god created them
creation of humans is different to the rest of creation because made uniquely imago dei
everyone has a right to life at every stage

35
Q

st catherine of sienas teachings

A

conversation between a soul and god where ‘her’ refers to the soul
the soul is made imago dei
she had deep faith
spent her life with outcasts and sinners showing them they were created and loved by god
humans come from god in the same way children come from parents
god creates out of love and the fact humans are made of dignity in gods image shows his love

36
Q

st catherine of siena quote on god as a parent

A

‘her dignity is that of her creation seeing that she is in the image of god’

37
Q

st catherine of siena quote on love

A

‘you are taken with love for her, for by love indeed you created her’

38
Q

jewish beliefs on sanctity of life

A

god is a creator and alone gives and takes life
genesis teachers humans are created in his image and life is precious
tanakh references a relationship with god before birth
10 commandments given to moses forbids taking life
pikuach nefesh duty to not stand back if a neighbours life is at risk
duty to break laws of sabbath if someone is in danger

39
Q

quotes showing jewish belief on sanctity if life

A

‘you knitted me together in my mothers womb’ - psalm
‘before i formed you in the womb i knew you’ -jeremiah

40
Q

jewish views on abortion

A

abortion not mentioned in the tanakh
sanctity of life
exodus says unborn child has equal rights to the mother
before i formed you…
breaks gods law in genesis stating we are created imago dei
genesis says be fruitful and multiply
orthodox and reform can apply pikuach nefesh to decide if abortion would save a life at risk

41
Q

catholics on abortion

A

against abortion in all circumstances
believe human life is sacred
life begins at conception
god gives life at conception and is the start of relationship with him
10 commandments do not kill
encourage giving child up for adoption
if mothers life at risk the mother can still be saved
the principle of double effect - intention is to save mother so effect on child is a side effect

42
Q

christians on abortion

A

-fundamentalists think abortion is never acceptable
-liberal christians say its the lesser of two evils
-acceptable in situations of rape, danger to physical or mental health, child will be severely disabled impacting QOL

43
Q

humanists on abortion

A

-humanists value happiness and personal choice
-look at evidence, consequences and rights and wishes of everyone
-life not sacred but worthy of respect
-quality of life more important than preserving life at all costs
-pro choice and abortion most morally acceptable option

44
Q

peter singers views

A

-embryos are non human persons
-morally acceptable to take lives of non humans of it will bring less suffering and greater happiness
-applies to abortion and euthanasia
-accuses catholics are speciest as a conscious animal has more mental capacity than a baby
-arguing human life is more important than other life is wrong

45
Q

catholic responses to peter singer

A

-humans are always a person
-animals should be cared for - stewardship
-humans are made in the image of god so have dignity which animals do not have

46
Q

what is genesis

A

-first book of old testament
-contains 2 accounts of creation
-reveal nature of gods humanity

47
Q

features of genesis 1

A

1- god created light, separated from darkness - day and night
2- god created the sky to divide water
3- created dry land
4- created sun, moon and stars to govern night and day and mark the passing of time
5- created all species of animals
6- created human beings and put them in charge of everything created
7- god rested , blessed 7th day and made it holy - universe is complete
-emphasises transcendence, eternal and omnipotence

48
Q

features of genesis 2

A

-god created adam out of dust and breathes life into him
-god provided everything in garden of eden but told him not to eat fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil
-god created all creatures and adam names them but none can be his partner
-god put adam to sleep and creates eve from his rib
-lives perfect until they disobeyed him and were banished from garden of eden forever
-shows how god is omnibenevolent

49
Q

catholic beliefs on sanctity of life

A

-humans created last in genesis 1, high point of gods creation
-genesis 2 personally created
-god reflects all he made is good including humans

50
Q

catholic beliefs on image of god

A

“so god created mankind in his own image”
in genesis 1
-sacred and holy unlike other animals

51
Q

catholic beliefs on stewards of gods creation

A

-god commands that humans have authority over nature and responsibility to take care of it
-genesis 1 created humans to rule over creatures
-genesis 2 adam put in garden to “work it and take care of it”
-authority seen when god asks adam to name all the animals

52
Q

catholic beliefs on importance of caring for environment

A

-humans most important part of creation but still a part of it
-superior as have reason and free will
-made to be stewards of the world
-cut down pollution, care for animals, look after environment t
-make world in its best shape to pass on to future generations
-two greatest commandments are to love god and love neighbour
-neighbour includes other countries
-common good , individuals have a duty to contribute to good of society
-act justly and seek justice for others , leads to good things for everyone
-pope francis and magisterium in encyclical laudato si
-encourages to take part in catholic social teaching and protect earth

53
Q

pope francis stewardship quote

A

“each community has the duty to protect the earth to ensure its fruitfulness for coming generations”

54
Q

humanists on stewardship

A

-human life has come about because of evolution
-humans use their reason for ethical decisions making humans more superior to animals
-need to be stewards out of concern for humans and other animals, not god
-work for a more sustainable world with as little harm to environment as possible

55
Q

jews on stewardship

A

-genesis states god created the universe and everything in it
-god is an omnipotent creator , lawgiver and judge
-god will judge how they protect the environment
-genesis says humans received earth from god and must “rule over it”
-covenant with god, need to keep side of promise
-follow 613 mitzvot eg
1, never destroy things on the land that are useful
2, give the land a rest from growing crops every 50 years

56
Q

catholic beliefs on the bible

A

-catholics believe its a direct form of revelation
-it is the inspired word of god
-god made use of specific people who wrote in a human language at a time/ place in history
-not everything is historically or literally accurate
-catholics must work carefully to determine what a sacred author is saying is true as it may be metaphorical
-the holy spirit gave inspiration to believers who accept the message and share it with others
-bible has authority as the message comes from god
-should be guided on how to live lives

57
Q

catholic beliefs on old and new testament

A

-testament means agreement or promise
-old testament is how god looked after jewish people
-new testament is how god sent jesus for the world

58
Q

features of old testament

A

-made up of torah and deal with how jewish people became gods chosen race, creation, life of abraham and moses
-history-12 books such as joshua and judas , how god guided his people but were not always ready to listen
-wisdom shown in psalms prayer, book of jews , books of religious and moral teaching such as proverbs contain sayings on aspects of life
-prophets , god sent inspired figures to challenge the jews to remain faithful

59
Q

features of the new testament

A

-based on life and teachings of jesus and apostles
-written in greek
divided into 4 forms
-gospels - matthew, mark , luke , john tell jesus story and gospel means good news
-acts of apostles- sequel to luke’s gospel, early church after jesus resurrection
-letters - written by paul, christian leaders writing to christians with advice on how to put jesus teachings into practice, what it means to be a christian
-book of revelation-last book in the bible dealing with johns vision of heaven and defeat of evil

60
Q

origins of the bible

A

-took 350 years for bible to be authentic records of christian beliefs
-for a book to be accepted into the new testament it had to;
-be accepted by all christians
-have an early date
-agree with other presentations of catholic beliefs

-words of bible have been carefully preserved
-first bibles handwritten

61
Q

christian views on genesis

A

-bible is the literal word of god
-holy spirit dictated the bible
-shouldn’t be questioned
-contradiction shows our lack of understanding

62
Q

jewish views on torah

A

-first 5 books of tanakh
-holiest scripture for jews
-given to moses at mount sinai
-orthodox take it literally
- 613 mitzvot
- society may change but teachings don’t
-maimonides 13 principles
-immutability of the torah

-reform and liberal
-not necessary to take literally
-adapted to modern life

63
Q

catholic beliefs on religious art

A

-long tradition using themes and images from beliefs
-art when couldn’t read or write
-artwork expressed views
-expresses faith in god and glorifying him
-focuses prayer and meditation
-demands a personal response -think and reflect on beliefs
-challenge or reinforce beliefs

64
Q

features of creation of adam

A

-found in sistine chapel in the vatican where cardinals vote for a new pope
-adam on left of painting lying with back to earth he has been formed from
shows
-humans created by god
-god created a perfect world
-adam is a perfect human , handsome young and strong
shows
-humans made in the image and likeness of god
god is an old bearded man yet strong
shows
-difference in age between him and adam-parent child relationship
-god is a wise father of all creation
adam and god reach out to touch eachother with fingertips
shows
- spark of life is given to all humans by god
-human life is sacred and a gift
god is on a cloud carried by a group of angels
shows
-contrast to adam on earth
-greatness and transcendence of god
cloud in shape of brain
shows
-god is source of knowledge and wisdom
-god is omniscient

65
Q

features of tree of life

A

-found in apse of church of san clemente
-mosaic with central image of a cross
1. 13 lambs with one halo
-12 represent disciples who had task of passing on jesus message
-lamb with halo represents jesus
-links to passover in exodus
-jesus will be sacrificed to save the world like lambs sacrificed to save jewish slaves
2. trees and vines
-message of christianity will grow and spread throughout the world
-tree of life and vines will grow as jesus message is passed on
3- dead serpent
-the devil and how jesus sacrifice overcame death
-comes from story of adam and eve in genesis
eve tempted by serpent and ate from tree of knowledge
so god banished them from eden

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