Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA Alevel History Cold War > Origins of the Cold War context > Flashcards

Origins of the Cold War context Flashcards

1
Q

Yalta conference

A

a conference in Crimea to discuss the aftermath of the imminent end of WW2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Soviet aims at Yalta

A

should be compensated, lost the most
Baltic states as buffer zones
no support to exiled Polish Government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

British aims at Yalta

A

protect Polish territory and self-determination
maintain previously agreed spheres of influence
protect French and British colonial interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

US aims at Yalta

A

Stop the ever-growing soviet sphere of influence
Decolonisation
Self-determination
American demobilisation ASAP
4 policemen of US, USSR, Britain and China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Potsdam conference

A

After VE but still at war with Japan
Attempt to solve the problem of Germany
Stalin is told of the bomb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Agreements at Potsdam

A

Germany disarmed and demilitarised
De-nazification carried out
decentralisation of the political system, local responsibility was developed (making Germany a democracy)
4 Freedoms restored (speech, press, religion ect)
Germany to become a single economic unit
USSR gets 25% reparations from the other zones as well as from its own
Agreement to share responsibility in Korea, working towards unity
LITTLE DONE TO COMBAT EXPANSIONISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Changes in Leadership at Potsdam and what it meant

A

FDR-Truman: willing to take a harsher approach to Soviet expansionism.
Churchill- Attlee: willing to follow America’s lead as he is more concerned with the problems within Britain.
Both were dissatisfied with Soviet actions in liberated states and saw them as a violation of the Yalta accords (liberation of Europe agreement)
Stalin: stayed the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Agreements made at Yalta

A

Division of Germany and Berlin
UN ratified
Boarders of Poland altered (USSR gains land from Poland and Poland gains land from east Germany)
Declaration of Liberated Europe should be created (promise that gave Europeans political freedom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why did Japan surrender

A

Bombs dropped of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Soviet invasion of Manchuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Operation unthinkable

A

a very unrealistic plan of Churchill, an extreme plan to stop the soviets which was seen as warmongering. Rejected immediately by the US but revisited the year later.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gouzenko, Volkov and Philby

A

Gouzenko- a cipher clerk at soviet embassy who walked out with numerous classified files which he revealed to the west with the details of Soviet spies in the west
Volkov- NKGB officer who tried to do a similar thing to Gouzenko but he was caught and executed
Philby- a soviet spy in M15 who disregarded a lot of Gouzenko’s evidence
Shows how entrenched Soviet espionage was

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Long Telegram

A

George Kennan, US ambassador, details the soviet view on capitalism and America (hostile). Believed the wests prosperity would undermine the east and he talks of the US adopting a more active role in Europe. Said USSR policy was aggressive and ideologically driven. Reprinted and sent round America, became a blueprint of future foreign policy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iron Curtain speech

A

delivered by Churchill:
England didn’t want to loose Poland
Britain would stand up for themselves
highlighted the need to reduce the USSR’s sphere of influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Response to long telegram

A

the Novikov telegram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Soviet expansion in 1946

A

Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and east Germany all fall under a communist influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Manchuria

A

Stalin delays the withdrawal of troops from Manchuria, they were helping the Chinese communists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Harsh Winter for England

A

final motivator to stop giving aid to Greece, economy is too weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Iran

A

Jan- the Iranian government lodge a complaint about soviet interference to the UN council. UN requests for soviet troops to leave Iran but they do not, in march the British remove their own troops and on march 24th the soviets finally agree and their troops are evacuated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Problem in Turkey

A

Stalin wanted to redraw the Soviet boarder to he would have control of the straits and naval bases in Dardanelley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Since Britain could no longer support Greece, Truman speaks to congress and asks for sufficient finance to aid Greece and Turkey against communist influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Marshall Plan

A

a plan to assist European economic recovery, part of the policy of containment, offered to the nations of Europe but Soviets forced many to reject the offer which immediately painted them as the antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bizonia

A

British and American zones in Germany economically merge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Moscow Conference

A

discussed Bizonia, USSR calls the conference to reinstate 4 power occupation. Plan made by foreign minister Bevin that revised the Potsdam agreements, he knew the soviets couldn’t accept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Paris peace conference

A

?????????????????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Karl Fuchs

A

A German soviet spy who previously worked on the Manhattan project also worked in Harwell, UK, in a nuclear research centre and gave many secrets to the Soviets about the hydrogen bomb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Soviet tactics for take over of nations

A

Capitalising on popular support
Red Armies influence
salami
Cominform
Comecon
Warsaw pact

27
Q

popular support

A

communism was the opposite of nazi and fascism which made it more popular after the war

28
Q

Salami tactics

A

divide and conquer, merged parties and had communist gradually assume their positions/roles is governments.

29
Q

Cominform

A

As a response to the Marshall plan, a sort of consolidation of communists states, Stalin has more control. A shift in Stalin’s perspective on capitalism, he thought they would destroy each other

30
Q

Comecon

A

A way to control/facilitate the economic recovery of states in the soviet bloc, response to Marshall Plan

31
Q

Warsaw pact

A

a mutual defence treaty in response to the FRD joining NATO
signed by states in under the soviet influence

32
Q

Who was backing the ELAS (Greek communists)

A

Tito (Yugoslavia) was providing weaponry and support

33
Q

Jan Masaryk

A

One of the only anti-communist leaders last in Czechoslovakia, his death meant Stalin could take over

34
Q

London Conference

A

Stalin not invited, situation in Germany was discussed and the idea of creating west German state

35
Q

British zone of Germany

A

occupied the Ruhr
Struggled to care for the zone
relied of US help with economic recovery

36
Q

Soviet zone of Germany

A

wanted zone to be the centre of a communist Germany
feared an economic recovery would destabilise soviet control
nationalised industry
Russian was compulsory to learn
Physically moved factories from Germany to Russia to help with the USSRs recovery

37
Q

French zone of Germany

A

wanted the Ruhr industry to be internationalised, so they could dominated the region
Supported the idea of a west Germany

38
Q

American zone of Germany

A

recovered the economy and democracy
wanted joint occupation
free elections

39
Q

Early problems with Germany

A

Stalin accused the west of trying to wreck the east Germany economy with the Deutsch
Soviets feared an economic revival would result in a capitalist Germany
West feared that a unified administration would result in a Soviet Germany

40
Q

Brussels agreement

A

forerunner to NATO
signed by Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg
mutual defence

41
Q

Reasons for the Berlin Blockade

A

currency reform
the Ruhr- USSR would loose any access to the Ruhr if a west Germany state was created
Trizonia
Failure of the council of foreign ministers in November 1947
Moscow accused Ernst Bevin refused to allow soviet reps into the London conference
Stalin believed the creation of a west German state violated the Potsdam agreements

42
Q

Deutschmark

A

introduced into Bizonia without Soviet knowledge
resulted in all the old reichsmark currency flooding into the eastern zone meaning the soviets had to introduce their own currency reform- the Ostmark
value was set at 1-1 but the ostmark was always traded for less

43
Q

Soviet justification for the blockade

A

to prevent east Germany from being swamped by devalued reichsmarks

44
Q

What was the blockade actually blocking

A

Railways, waterways and roads to the west
supply of electricity to the west from east Berlin

45
Q

Soviet aims of the blockade

A

return to 4 power control, ultimately making Germany weaker
Same currency in Berlin
stop the creation of a western state

46
Q

Soviet actions to counter American efforts to stop the blockade

A

Did military drills in order to crowd the airspace
Asked them to change their policy for forfeit Berlin
vetoed Ernst Reuter as major of all Berlin

47
Q

What happened in the talks about ending the blockade

A

Returned to talks since the western counter blockade began to hurt them
talks in Moscow broke down since Stalin saw ending the end of the blockade as weak (august 1948)

48
Q

Impact of the blockade of Berliners

A

previously lived of the black market and used American cigarettes as the most reliable form of currency
Demonstrations: the Berlin Socialist unionist party held one outside the eastern council house. Also a huge gathering against the USSR held outside the Reichstag
Kept alive by the airlifts, also found jobs off loading them
stop searched by soldiers

49
Q

Aims of the USA/Allies in Germany

A

create a democratic country
containment
a secret plan was made to create a west German state without the USSRs knowledge but they found out anyways

50
Q

USA/Allies actions surrounding the Berlin Blockade

A

Airlift = operation vittles
counter blockade of coal and steel
Civilian pilots
B2 bombers were brought to England (had the capability to hold atomic weapons)

51
Q

why could the US use the airways to fly over supplies

A

a deal made in 1945 gave all 4 powers control over airways

52
Q

Why did the blockade end

A

Counter blockade began to harm Soviets
a mild winter (proving Berlin could be supplied by airlifts indefinitely)
West had the support of the Berliner as they saw them as liberators
USSR had a weaker economy than the US

53
Q

FRG

A

first elections took place in august
New parliament
Konrad Adenauer is Chancellor
Occupied states replaced with a Government with an Allied High commission (France, US and UK still get a final say)

54
Q

GDR

A

Stalin wasn’t too keen to create it as it would make the split final
claimed the SED was working for unity and called the west “splitters”
rigged votes
A soviet control commission operated the same as the allied high commission

55
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic treaty organisation

56
Q

Terms NATO

A

Article 1: deinfed military perimeters
Article 2: work towards peaceful and friendly relations
Article 3: mutual defence

57
Q

Purpose of NATO

A

America’s transition to globalism solidified
containment
primarily a political defence
stopped the resurgence of nationalism
reassurance for western Europe

58
Q

Soviet Atomic bomb

A

More powerful than the American one
Stalin issued no official statement and it was only discovered by the west when their pilots detected the nuclear fallout
Truman announced it and the Kremlin later confirmed

59
Q

Greek civil war end

A

indefinite ceasefire issued from the communists

60
Q

Chinese civil war ends

A

Mao’s victory and declare the People’s republic of China (PRC)

61
Q

Western European Union (WEU)

A

coordinated matters of European defence, made after NATO

62
Q
A
63
Q
A

AQA Alevel History Cold War (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions