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REVIEW > ORTHO FINALS > Flashcards

ORTHO FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

bone broke skin intact

A

close fracture

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2
Q

break in skin at the time of fracture, with or without bone protrusion

A

open fracture

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3
Q

clean wound less than 1cm long

A

grade 1

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4
Q

larger wound without extensive soft tissue damage

A

grade 2

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5
Q

most severe, highly contaminated, has extensive soft tissue damage

A

grade 3

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6
Q

only part of width of broken bone

A

incomplete fracture

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7
Q

bone broken into several fragments

A

comminuted fracture

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8
Q

internal fixation devices maybe used to hold the bone fragments in position

A

open reduction

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9
Q

a rigid external immobilizing device that is molded to the contours of the body

A

casts

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10
Q

most serious complication. tight and rigid cast constrict a swollen limb pressure in increased and compromises blood flow and tissue perfusion

A

compartment syndrome

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11
Q

hot spot

A

pressure necrosis

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12
Q

detoriation of body system due to unavoidable muskoloskeletal inactivity

A

disuse syndrome

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13
Q

tense and contract muscle without moving the underlying bone

A

isometric exercise

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14
Q

charaterized by chronic deterioration of the cartilage at the end of bones

A

osteoarthritis

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15
Q

enlargement of the finger at the end of joints of the fingers

A

heberden’s node

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16
Q

bony of enlargement at the middle joints of the fingers

A

bouchard’s node

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17
Q

procedure in which surgeon removes or add something a wedged of bone near a damaged joint

A

osteotomy

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18
Q

a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint

A

arthroplasty

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19
Q

is autoimmune and inflammatory disease, immune system attacks healthy cells in body by mistakes especially the synovium causing inflammation in affected parts of the body

A

rheumatoid arthritis

20
Q

slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save the joint and other tissue from permanent damage

A

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

21
Q

suturing a tendon

A

tenorrhaphy

22
Q

surgical fusion of the joints

A

arthrodesis

23
Q

decrease inflammation, used for acute attack

A

colchicine

24
Q

blocks formation of UA, inhibits xanthine oxidase

A

allopurinol

25
Q

enhance excretion of UA

A

probenecid

26
Q

increase osteoblast activity (osteoporosis)

A

estrogen

27
Q

increase osteoclast activity

A

steroid

28
Q

brittle bone disease. irreversible.

A

osteoporosis

29
Q

soft bone disease due to vit d and calcium deficiency

A

osteomalacia

30
Q

infectious bone disease

A

osteomyelitis

31
Q

rapid bone turnover increased osteoclast activity with compensatory increase in osteoblast activity

A

paget’s disease

32
Q

released when there is injury to the bone

A

alkaline phosphate

33
Q

t-score: 2.5

A

osteopenia

34
Q

t-score: higher than 2.5

A

osteoporosis

35
Q

inhibits osteoclast activity

A

biphosphonate

36
Q

increase osteoblastic activity

A

hydroxyproline in urine

37
Q

confirmatory test

A

xray

38
Q

cornerstone of paget therapy

A

alendronate

39
Q

is the necrotic bone that is embedded in the pus granulation tissue

A

sequestrum

40
Q

is the new bone laid down by the periosteum that surrounds the sequestra

A

involucrum

41
Q

is the opening in the involucrum through which pus and sequestra make their way out

A

cloaca

42
Q

osteoclast aggressively demineralize the bone

A

lytic phase

43
Q

rapid, disorganized proliferation of new bone tissue by osteoblast

A

mixed phase

44
Q

new bone formation exceeds resorption

A

sclerotic phase

45
Q

tb of spine

A

pott’s disease

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