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Network + > OSI Model > Flashcards

OSI Model Flashcards

1
Q

What is data called at all layers of the OSI model?

A

Layer 1 - Bits
Layer 2 - Frames
Layer 3 - Packets
Layer 4 - Segments
Layer 5 - Data
Layer 6 - Data
Layer 7 - Data

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2
Q

Physical Layer of the OSI Model

A

where transmission of bits across the network occurs and includes physical and electrical network characteristics

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3
Q

What are the 7 layers of the OSI model in order?

A

Layer 1 - Physical
Layer 2 - Data Link
Layer 3 - Network
Layer 4 - Transport
Layer 5 - Session
Layer 6 - Presentation
Layer 7 - Application

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4
Q

Transition Modulation

A

if it changes during the clock cycle, then a 1 is represented (otherwise, a 0 is represented). L1

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5
Q

Asynchronous communication

A

uses start and stop bits to indicate when transmissions occur from the sender to the receiver. L1

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6
Q

Synchronous communication

A

uses a reference clock to coordinate the transmissions by both sender and receiver. L1

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7
Q

Broadband

A

divides bandwidth into separate channels. term used to describe a type of high-speed internet connection. L1

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8
Q

Baseband

A

uses all available frequencies on a medium (cable) to transmit data. uses a reference clock. L1

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9
Q

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)

A

each session takes a turn, using time slots, to share the medium between all users. L1

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10
Q

Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing (StatTDM)

A

dynamically allocates the time slots on an as-needed basis. L1

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11
Q

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)

A

divides the medium into channels based on frequencies and each session is transmitted over a different channel. L1 or L2

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12
Q

Basic purpose of multiplexing

A

getting more out of a limited network and using it efficiently

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13
Q

examples of L1

A

cables, access points, media converters, hubs. repeaters

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14
Q

Data Link Layer of the OSI model

A

packages data into frames and transmits those frames on the networ

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15
Q

Media Access Control (MAC)

A

physical addressing system of a device which operates on a logical topology. uses a 48-bit address assigned to a network interface card (NIC). 1st half is vendor code and 2nd half is unique code. L2

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16
Q

Logical Link Control (LLC)

A

provides connection services and allows acknowledgement of receipt of messages. provides basic error control functions. L2

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17
Q

Isochronous

A

network devices use a common reference clock source and create time slots for transmission. L1 or L2

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18
Q

Synchronous

A

network devices agree on clocking method to indicate beginning and end of frames and can use control characters. L1 or L2

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19
Q

Asynchronous

A

network devices reference their own internal clocks and use start and stop bits. L1 or L2

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20
Q

examples of L2

A

NICs, switches, bridges.

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21
Q

Network Layer

A

forwards traffic (routing) with logical addresses

22
Q

Packet Switching

A

data is divided into packets and then forwarded. most networks use packet switching. L3

23
Q

Circuit Switching

A

dedicated communication link is established between two devices. L1 or L2

24
Q

Message Switching

A

data is divided into messages which may be stored and then forwarded. L3

25
Q

Route Discovery and Selection

A

manually configured as a static route or dynamically through a routing protocol. L3

26
Q

Connection Services

A

Augment L2 connection services to improve reliability. L4

27
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A

sends error messages and operational information to an IP destination. L3

28
Q

examples of L3

A

routers, multi-layer switch, IPv4, IPv6, ICMP

29
Q

Transport Layer

A

controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation and de-segmentation, and error control

30
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

connection-oriented protocol that is a reliable way to transport segments across the network. L4

31
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

connection-less protocol that is an unreliable way to transport segments across the network. L4

32
Q

Windowing

A

allows the clients to adjust the amount of data in each segment. L4

33
Q

Buffering

A

occurs when devices allocate memory to store segments if bandwidth isn’t readily available.. L4

34
Q

What are the differences between TCP and UDP

A

TCP - reliable, connection-oriented, segment tretransmission and flow control through windowing, segment sequencing, acknowledges segments

UDP - unreliable, connectionless, no windowing or retransmission, no sequencing, no acknowledgment

35
Q

examples of L4

A

TCP and UDP, WAN accelerators, load balancers, and firewalls

36
Q

Session Layer

A

Keeps conversations separate to prevent intermingling of data

37
Q

Set Up Session

A

checking of user credentials and assigning numbers to sessions to help identify them. L5

38
Q

Tear Down Session

A

ending of a session after the transfer is done or when the other party disconnects. L5

39
Q

H.323

A

used to set up, maintain, and tear down voice and video connections. uses RTP to transmit audio and video streams over IP networks. L5

40
Q

NetBIOS

A

used to share files over a network. L5

41
Q

Presentation Layer

A

formats the data to be exchanged and secures that data with proper encryption

42
Q

Data Formatting

A

data is formatted by the computer to have compatibility between different devices. L6

43
Q

Encryption

A

used to scramble the data in transit to keep it secure from prying eyes and provide data confidentiality. L6

44
Q

examples of L6

A

scripting languages, standard text, pictures, movie files, encryption.

45
Q

Application Services

A

unites communicating components from more than one network application. L7

46
Q

Service Advertisement

A

sending out of announcements to other devices on the network to state the services they offer. L7

47
Q

examples of L7

A

email applications, HTTPS, DNS, FTP, SSH and RDP

48
Q

Encapsulation

A

the process of putting headers (and trailers) around some data.

49
Q

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

A

a single unit of information transmitted in a computer network.

can say L7 PDU, L2 PDU, L3 PDU, etc.

50
Q

De-encapsulation

A

the process of removing the headers and trailers added to data as it passes through the network layers during encapsulation

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