Osmoregulation

Question 1

osmosis

Answer 1

tendency of H2O to move between two solutions of different osmolarity separated by a barrier permeable only to H2O

Question 2

Low Osmolarity

Answer 2

fewer solute particles, higher water conc.

Question 3

High Osmolarity

Answer 3

More solute particles, Less water conc. as hydration shells form around the molecules

Question 4

what is osmotic pressures opposing force?

Answer 4

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

osmotic pressure can be described in two way…

Answer 5

(1) osmolarity (mmol/L)

2) osmolality (mOsm/kg

Question 6

Osmolarity

Answer 6

measure of the concentration of a particular solute (Na+) per L

Question 7

Osmolality

Answer 7

measure of the osmoles of (all) solutes per kg of solvent

Question 8

whats the Na+ osmolarity of SW?

Answer 8

400-450 mmol/L

Question 9

what is the osmolality of SW?

Answer 9

1000-1100 mOsm/kg

Question 10

whats the Na+ osmolarity of FW?

Answer 10

0.3 mmol/L

Question 11

what is the osmolality of FW?

Answer 11

0.7-10 mOsm/kg

Question 12

water volume can change with ambient temperature? T/F

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What defines a electrochemical gradient?

Answer 13

Two parts

(1) Electro- differ in charge across the membrane
(2) chemical- differ in solute conc. across membrane

Question 14

Donan Equilibrium

Answer 14

An Electrochemical equilibrium is reached but there is an unequal amount distribution of charge molecules due to a diff. charged molecule that is impermeable to membrane

Question 15

Nernst Equation

Answer 15

used to calculate the imbalance of ions caused by Donan equilibrium

Question 16

What will occur in a cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 16

The cell cytoplasm will have a high osmolality therefore water will rush in an burst the cell

Question 17

What occurs in a cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 17

The cells cytoplasm will have a low osmolality therefore will loss water the solution, shrinking

Question 18

What is Intracellular osmoregulation, AKA…

Answer 18

guarantees absence of pressure gradient

cell volume regulation

Question 19

What is extracellular osmoregulation

Answer 19

homeostatic regulation that maintains osmo conc. reacts to changes in environment

Question 20

What does osmotic regulation usually entail (2)

Answer 20

Water and electrolyte active and passive movement

Question 21

What will occur if a SW osmoconformer is placed in FW?

Answer 21

It will explode as its control systems are unable to adapt to such a low osomlality

Question 22

What is the setpoint theory?

Answer 22

States there are positive and negative changes but homeostasis hovers over a set point in which it tries to maintain for optimal function

Question 23

osmoconformers

Answer 23

animals body fluid osmotic conc. conforms with that of the environment.

Question 24

What kind of animals are osmoconformers? two exceptions?

Answer 24

Invertebrates

Hagfish and marine lamprey

Question 25

Vertebrate water content accounts for approx. how much of the total body weight?

Answer 25

60-80%

Question 26

intracellular fluid (ICF) equals what %

Answer 26

~64%

Question 27

extracellular fluid (ECF) equals what % and is broken into what 2 part (%)

Answer 27

34%
Plasma = 7%
Interstitial volume = 29%

Question 28

Of the total body fluid what makes up 2/3 and 1/3?

Answer 28

ICF =2/3

ECF = 1/3