Other

Question 1

Which pathogens can affect the GI tract?

Answer 1

viruses: hepA/E, norovirus
bacteria: e coli, shigella, vibrio cholera, listeria, salmonella
toxins: enterotoxins

Question 2

strep pneumonia virulence

Answer 2

makes toxins destroying the lungs

degrades host molecules

Question 3

staph aureus virulence

Answer 3

makes superantigens interfering with T cells

make leukocydins causing neutrophil death

Question 4

cholera- mode of action and infectious dose

Answer 4

huge infectious dose
has flagella
makes toxin A+B
Bind to GM ganglioside
triggers cAMP production
causes chloride efflux

Question 5

How does neisseria meningitidis spread?

Answer 5

colonise nasopharynx –> epithelial cells –> endothelial

Question 6

What is MIC?

Answer 6

minimum concentration of antibiotic needed to inhibit growth

Question 7

What is resistance?

Answer 7

ability of a microorganism to growth in the presence of antibiotic at a particular concentration

Question 8

What is the breakpoint?

Answer 8

estimate of the clinically achievable concentration - those that grow above this are resistant

Question 9

Misconceptions when antibiotics were discovered?

Answer 9

• resistant organisms are less fit
• no horizontal gene transfer
• resistance against more than one antibiotic class won’t happen at the same time