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Scribe America > Outpatient: Chronic Diseases (Class 2) > Flashcards

Outpatient: Chronic Diseases (Class 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic Disease

A

Illness lasting longer than 3 months

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2
Q

Comorbidity

A

Two or more chronic illnesses at a time

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3
Q

Complexity of Patient Care

A

-Treatment of one disease may affect or contradict the treatment of the second
-Adverse drug interactions
-Compounding of symptoms may lead to poor compliance with treatment plan
-If both illnesses affect a specific organ system, the pt is at risk of organ failure

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4
Q

Having multiple comorbidities increases the ___ of patient care

A

Complexity

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5
Q

HTN Risk factors and symptoms

A

-FHx of HTN, obesity, high sodium diet, smoking, ETOH

-Often asymptomatic

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6
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

-Measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (beats)
-top number of a BP reading

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7
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

-Measures the pressure in the arteries when relaxed (between heart beats)
-Bottom number of BP reading

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8
Q

Normal BP

A

-Sys: 90-120
-Dia: 60-80

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9
Q

Hypertensive BP

A

-Sys: >than 140
-Dia: >than 90

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10
Q

HTN can cause other chronic illnesses such as:

A

-Impaired vision
-Renal Failure
-CVA
-CAD/MI
-CHF

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11
Q

Non-Pharmacological Management of HTN

A

-Low sodium diet
-Exercise
-Smoking and ETOH cessation
-BP log at home

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12
Q

ACE Inhibitors (HTN)

A

Relax arteries and block reabsorption of water by kidneys

-Lisinopril (zestril)
-Lotensin (benazepril)

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13
Q

Ca Channel Blockers (HTN)

A

Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart’s contractions

-Norvasc (amlodipine)
-Cardizem (diltiazem)

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14
Q

Diuretics (HTN)

A

Reduce the volume of fluid in the blood vessels by urinating excess fluid

-Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

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15
Q

ARBs (HTN)

A

Dilate the arteries

-Cozaar (losartan)
-Benicar (olmesartan)

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16
Q

Type 1 DM

A

-Insulin insufficiency
-Pancreas is unable to produce insulin which moves glucose from the blood into cells
-Always treated with insulin
-Strong FHx component

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17
Q

Type 2 DM

A

-Insulin resistance
-consistently high blood glucose levels cause cells to become resistant to insulin
-Can be treated with diet changes, non-insulin meds, or insulin
-FHx component, but also SHx factors including diet and exercise

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18
Q

Which type of DM can be insulin dependent?

A

Type 1 AND Type 2

19
Q

Risk factors and symptoms of Type 2 DM

A

-FHx of DM, obesity, high carb diet, lack of exercise

-Unusual weight loss or gain
-Polyuria, polydipsia, blurred vision.

20
Q

DM can lead to other chronic illnesses such as:

A

-Diabetic Retinopathy
-Renal Failure
-Cardiac Disease
-PVD
-Neuropathy

21
Q

Non-Pharmacological Management of DM

A

-Low carb diet
-Exercise
-Weight Loss
-Blood glucose log

22
Q

Humalog (DM)

A

-Injected
-Rapid acting insulin, injected immediately before or after meals

23
Q

Lantus (DM)

A

-Injected
-Long acting insulin, injected once daily

24
Q

Sliding Scale (DM)

A

-Injected
-Insulin dosage based on current glucose

25
Q

Metformin (DM)

A

-Oral
-Long acting oral med, taken with meals

26
Q

Glyburide (DM)

A

-Oral
-Induces pancreas to produce insulin and taken with meals

27
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

An elevated level of lipid in the blood causes plaque build-up along arterial walls

high cholesterol

28
Q

Risk factors, symptoms, and dx of HLD

A

-FHx or HLD, obesity, high lipid diet, ETOH, physical inactivity
-Asymptomatic
-Bloodwork (lipid panel)

29
Q

LDL

A

Low density lipoprotein

-“Bad cholesterol”
-LDL transports cholesterol to arterial walls and aids the formation of plaques

30
Q

HDL

A

-High Density lipoprotein
-“Good cholesterol”
-HDL is able to remove cholesterol from artery plaques and recycle it back to the liver

31
Q

HLD can lead to other chronic illnesses such as:

A

-Pancreatitis
-CVS\
-Arterial atherosclerosis
-CAD/MI

32
Q

Non-pharmacological management of HLD

A

-Low lipid diet
-Decrease ETOH
-Weight loss/exercise
-Close follow up

33
Q

Medication to manage HLD

A

Any medication ending in “statin” is used by inhibiting the production of cholesterol

34
Q

CAD

A

Narrowing of the coronary arteries limits blood supply to the heart muscle causing ischemia

35
Q

Risk factors and symptoms of CAD

A

-HTN, HLD, DM, smoking, FHx <55 y/o
-Chest pain or pressure worse with exertion

36
Q

CAD is the #1 biggest risk factor for ___

A

MI

37
Q

Management for CAD

A

-managing risk factors
-Exercise/weight loss
-Smoking cessation
-Manage stress

38
Q

Pharmacological management for CAD

A

-Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)
AKA aspirin
-Nitroglycerin (NTG)
Can be used to prevent angina or relieve an angina attack that is already occuring

39
Q

Least to most invasive CAD surgical management

A

-Angioplasty (balloon inserted to open area of blockage)
-Coronary stent (stent inserted and left in the artery)
-CABG (open heart surgery to bypass area of blockage)

40
Q

What is the patient problem list?

A

Section of the chart that helps organize the patient’s history and allows the doctor to identify ACTIVE issues quickly

41
Q

Problem lists include:

A

-Chronic illnesses
-Surgeries/procedures
-Injuries suffered by patient
-Any symptom or disease that has affected the patient

42
Q

Active problem

A

A problem/diagnosis that the patient still has. Chronic illnesses will always be an active problem

43
Q

Resolved Problem

A

A problem/diagnosis that a patient has had at any point, but is not actively a problem

44
Q

If a patient is healthy, has no medical history and is seen for well visits, how should the problem list be filled out?

A

Active: No Known Problems

Scribe America (4 decks)

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