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Ecology > Overall notes > Flashcards

Overall notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a food chain?

A

Single chain of organisms that eat each other (always starts with a producer).

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2
Q

What is a food web?

A

Made out of many food chains (stars with a producer)

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3
Q

What is each level of a food chain called?

A

Trophic Level

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4
Q

What happens to the energy of each trophic level as you go UP a food chain?

A

The available energy in each trophic level becomes SMALLER

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5
Q

How many trophic levels do most food chains have?

A

4-5 trophic levels

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6
Q

How much energy moves UP from one trophic level to the next in a food pyramid/chain?

A

10%

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7
Q

Formula that calculates the trophic level of an organism in a food chain

A

Trophic level = Amount of energy transferred x Trophic efficiency x Number of trophic levels
TL = AxTxN

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8
Q

Formula for trophic efficiency

A

Trophic Efficiency = Energy transferred to the next tropic level / Energy available at the previous trophic level

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9
Q

What is abiotic?

A

Non-Living parts of an ecosystem

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10
Q

List 5 Abiotic components

A
  1. Water
  2. Oxygen
  3. Light
  4. Nutrients
  5. Soil
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11
Q

What is biotic?

A

Living parts of an ecosystem

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12
Q

List 3 biotic components

A
  1. Symbiosis
  2. Predation
  3. Competition
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13
Q

Biotic - What is symbiosis?

A

Interaction between members of 2 different species that live together

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14
Q

Biotic - What is predation?

A

When 1 organism consumes another organism for food

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15
Q

Biotic - What is competition?

A

2 or more organisms compete for the same resource such as food in the same location at the same time

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16
Q

What are the 6 biological kingdoms?

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Protists
  4. Fungi
  5. Plants
  6. Animals
17
Q

Which out of the 6 biological kingdoms do humans belong to?

A

Animals

18
Q

What is a producer?

A

Organisms that make their own food
Example - Plants (photosynthesis)

19
Q

List 4 Density-Dependent limiting factors

A
  1. Predation
  2. Disease
  3. Competition
  4. Parasitism
20
Q

List 3 Density-Independent limiting factors

A
  1. Deforestation
  2. Natural Disasters
  3. Extreme temperatures
21
Q

What are consumers?

A

Organisms that DON’T produce their own food and need to eat their food
Example - Lions

22
Q

What are decomposers?

A

Organisms that break down dead things for nutrients.
Example - scavengers

23
Q

What are scavengers?

A

Organisms that eat dead animal and plant matter

24
Q

Who are herbivores?

A

Only feeds on plants

25
Q

Who are carnivores?

A

Only eat animals

26
Q

Who are omnivores?

A

They eat both plants and animals

27
Q

Similarities between producers and consumers

A
  1. Both need food and sunlight to survive
  2. Both use the same elements and compounds as the other
28
Q

Differences between producers and consumers

A
  1. Producers (plants) produce/release air while consumers (animals) release carbon dioxide
  2. Producers make their own food and consumers need to eat their producers
29
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

The max population of a species that a given ecosystem can sustain

30
Q

What is Bioaccumulation?

A

The toxin increases in concentration within an individual organism.

31
Q

What is Biomagnification?

A

The concentration of ingested toxins increases as it moves from one trophic level to the next

32
Q

What is the use or extraction of a resource until it is depleted?

A

Overexploitation

33
Q

What happens when overcrowding leads to food shortages?

A

Competition

34
Q

What is it called when an area is covered by water for all part of the year?

A

Wetland

35
Q

Salmon from the Pacific carry nitrogen to the western forest

A

Connectivity

36
Q

What are primary consumers?

A

Consumers that eat producers (herbivores)

37
Q

What is a secondary consumer?

A

Consumers that eat the primary consumers (carnivores / omnivores)

Ecology (8 decks)

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