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Classical Mythology 227 > Overview of the Gods > Flashcards

Overview of the Gods Flashcards

1
Q

Parentage of Zeus

A

Kronos and Rhea

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2
Q

Zeus’ Epithets

A

Pater (Father) Zeus; Father of Gods and men

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3
Q

The Twelve Olympians

A

Zeus, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Aphrodite, Hestia, Demeter, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Athena, Ares, Dionysus (he “kicks out” Hestia later on)

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4
Q

Zeus’ Divine Prerogatives

A

sky, lightning, the weather; important mortal civic institutions; overseer of the cosmic plan (the will of Zeus); king of the Olympian pantheon (patron god of mortal kings)

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5
Q

Parentage of Hera

A

Kronos and Rhea

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6
Q

Hera’s Divine Prerogatives

A

marriage; young people (esp. battle-aged men); protector of cities

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7
Q

Parentage of Demeter

A

Kronos and Rhea

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8
Q

Demeter’s Divine Prerogatives

A

fertility goddess, especially the goddess of dry agriculture produce (wheat, barley); patron goddess of married women (esp. Married women with children); divine model for mother-daughter relationships with Persephone/Kore

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9
Q

Aetiologies of Homeric Hymn to Demeter

A

the seasons; mystery cult of Eleusis

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10
Q

Parentage of Artemis & Apollo

A

Leto (a Titan, sister of Kronos) and Zeus

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11
Q

Artemis’ Divine Prerogatives

A

childbirth and pre-adolescent/marriageable child-rearing (syncretized with Eileithyia); female death; female initiation rituals; hunting (potnia theron); goddess of the moon (syncretized with Hecate)

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12
Q

Apollo’s Divine Prerogatives

A

prophecy and divination; sun god (syncretized with Helios); music and archery; healing; adolescent boys (due to being depicted as eternally young)

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13
Q

Apollo’s Epithets

A

Phoebus (Phoibos) = pure, bright, radiant

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14
Q

Parentage of Hermes

A

Zeus and Maia (daughter of Atlas)

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15
Q

Hermes’ Divine Prerogatives

A

heralds & herdsmen; trade & traders; cattle-raiding; theft & thieves; clever intelligence; psychopomp (featured in death scenes due to being a liminal god)

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16
Q

Boundary Gods

A

Apollo (enforces boundaries); Hermes (crosses boundaries); Dionysus (suspends / destroys boundaries)

17
Q

Invention & Cleverness Trifecta

A

Athena, Hermes, Hephaestus

18
Q

Aetiologies of Homeric Hymn to Hermes

A

fire technology; formal feasting (equal portions; portions of honor, commensality); herding and cattle-raiding – Hermes’ theft of the divine castle desacralizes them, they are now fit for human consumption

19
Q

Parentage of Aphrodite

A

Hesiodic account: Pontus/Sea and the discarded genitals of Ouranos; Homeric account: Zeus and Dione

20
Q

Aphrodite’s Divine Prerogatives

A

beauty, desire, seduction (psychological); sex, conception and procreation (physical/biological); guardian of seafarers (connection to Cyprus); war (connection to Ares, depictions in Sparta)

21
Q

Ourania vs. Pandemos Aphrodite

A

Ourania – heavenly Aphrodite, the Aphrodite that draws the human spirit to noble pursuits, and the kind of love that makes people better; Pandemos –common/vulgar Aphrodite; the Aphrodite that drives people to “depraved” activity

22
Q

Parentage of Athena

A

Zeus (parthenogenetically)

23
Q

aegis

A

a magical goatskin shawl that stuns anyone who looks at the wearer (later turns them to stone once Medusa’s head is mounted); in possession of Athena

24
Q

Athena’s Epithets

A

Pallas Athena; Athena Parthenos

25
Q

Athena’s Divine Prerogatives

A

cleverness, invention, problem solving, domestic crafts; weaving (Arachne myth); patron of clever and powerful heroes (esp. Odysseus, Achilles); strategic warfare and city defense; goddess of young men (esp. In the political sphere)

26
Q

Parentage of Poseidon

A

Kronos and Rhea

27
Q

Poseidon’s Divine Prerogatives

A

the (Mediterranean) Sea; patron god of fishermen; earthquakes; freshwater springs (specially those revealed by earthquakes); bulls and horses, chariots; rites of passage for males entering adulthood (symposia)

28
Q

Poseidon’s Epithets

A

Earthshaker; Earthshaking Poseidon

Classical Mythology 227 (3 decks)

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