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phys1cs > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is speed measured in

A

m/s or km/h

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2
Q

what is the formula for speed

A

speed = distance / time

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3
Q

what is the difference between scalar and vector quantities

A

scalar quantity only shows magnitude

vector quantity shows both magnitude and direction

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4
Q

what is velocity

A

it is a vector quantity

speed in specified direction

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5
Q

what is acceleration

A

change in speed or velocity
it is a vector quantity
its formula is : change in speed/time

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6
Q

how is acceleration shown on a distance-time graph

A

it is shown by a smooth curve

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7
Q

how is constant speed shown on a distance time graph

A

it is shown by a straight line

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8
Q

explain acceleration by gravity

A
  • object free-falling near to the Earth has constant acceleration caused by gravity due to Earth’s gravitational field
  • objects slow down due to air resistance
  • when deceleration is caused by air resistance, it is due to acceleration by gravity
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9
Q

what is an object’s terminal velocity

A

when there is no more net force acting on a body in free-fall

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10
Q

how can acceleration be calculated in a speed-time graph

A

the gradient of the graph is the acceleration

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11
Q

how can distance be found in a speed-time graph

A

the area under a speed-time graph

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12
Q

define mass

A

measure of matter in object
mass of an object is constant (same on Earth, moon etc )
measured in kg

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13
Q

define weight

A

force of gravity on an object as a result of its mass
it is measured using balance
measured in newtons (N)

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14
Q

define inertia

A

measure of how difficult it is to change the object’s motion
object with high mass has more inertia than object with low mass (making objects with high mass difficult to move)

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15
Q

formula for weight (n)

A

weight (n) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

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16
Q

what is gravitational field

A

a field in which any object that enters it will be attracted to the Earth
(eg. Earth is pulling the moon which is why the moon orbits around the Earth)

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17
Q

define density

A

measure of how concentrated an object’s mass is

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18
Q

what is the formula for density

A

density (g/cm^3) = mass / volume

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19
Q

define upthrust

A

a force that keeps an object afloat

20
Q

when do objects float in a fluid

A

objects float in a fluid when the density of the object is lower than density of a fluid

21
Q

state the law of displacement

A

object completely covered in liquid will replace the amount of liquid equal to its own volume

22
Q

when is law of displacement used

A

to calculate density of irregularly shaped objects

23
Q

when will law of displacement not work

A

when the object is less dense than the liquid - as it won’t sink
when the object absorbs the liquid

24
Q

what is a force

A

force is a push or a pull
it causes a mass to accelerate (they are vectors)
measured in newtons (N)

25
Q

what changes can be brought by force

A

change in size of object
change in motion of object
change in shape of object

26
Q

what is resultant force

A

sum of all forces acting on an object
causes change in object’s motion
when a resultant force acts on an object, the forces acting on an object is imbalanced

27
Q

what is the formula for resultant force

A

resultant force = mass x acceleration

28
Q

what happens if there is no resultant force

A

the moving object will continue to move at constant velocity

29
Q

what do the size and direction of arrows show in force diagrams

A

size of arrows shows size of force (when arrows are same size, object continues moving as force is equal)
direction of arrows shows direction of force

30
Q

what are balanced forces and what happens if forces are balanced

A

2 forces that act on an object are equal in size but in opposite direction
when balanced, object that isn’t moving remains stationary
object that is moving moves at same speed and samedirection

31
Q

when will the resultant force be 0N

A

when forces are balanced or in equilibrium (when there is no resultant force acting on an object)

32
Q

when is pressure caused

A

it is caused when objects exert a force on eachother

33
Q

formula for pressure (measured in pascals Pa)

A

pressure (Pa) = Force (n) / area (m^2)

34
Q

what is atmospheric pressure and how is it measured?

A

it is force per unit area created bu weight of air particles in the atmosphere
it is measured using mercury barometer

35
Q

define friction

A

force created by two surfaces rubbing against eachother

friction opposes motion and often causes heating

36
Q

how can you reduce friction

A

separating 2 surfaces with a thin layer of oil as liquid acts as a lubricant

37
Q

what is hooke’s law

A

extension is proportional to the force applied up to the elastic limit (shown by a straight line on a force-extension graph)

38
Q

formula for force (N)

A

spring constant (N/m) x extension (m)

39
Q

formula for moment

A

moment = force x distance

40
Q

what is moment

A

turning effect of a force around a pivot

41
Q

what is principle of moments for system in equilibrium

A

sum of anti-clockwise moments = sum of clockwise moments

42
Q

define centre of mass

A

point at which the mass may be thought to be concentrated

43
Q

COM of symmetrical objects

A

it always lies along the line of symmetry / intersection of multiple symmetry lines

44
Q

centre of mass in suspension of objects

A

when an object is suspended, it soon comes to a rest when released
the centre of mass is directly below the point where it is hung from

45
Q

when will objects topple over (using COM)

A

object with high centre of mass but with a small base

object with a centre of mass that is located outside its base

phys1cs (2 decks)

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