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Physics 1 > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 ºC

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2
Q

When you heat a substance what type of energy do the particles gain?

A

Kinetic energy

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3
Q

Where does the energy go when a substance changes state?

A

The energy is used to break the bonds in a substance.

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4
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The energy needed to melt or boil 1kg of the material.

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5
Q

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

A

Heat is a form of energy and is measured on an absolute scale. (J) Temperature is a measure of hotness and is measured on an arbitrary scale. (ºC)

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6
Q

Describe the mechanisms of conduction (3 ways)

A

Conduction:
•The particles in a solid are close together so energy is easily transferred as the particles vibrate
•The particles in Gas are far apart so energy cannot be easily transferred from particle to particle.
•There are no particles in a vacuum, so no energy is transferred.

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7
Q

Describe the mechanisms of convection

A

As air rises it warms . Colder air falls and a convection current is formed. The convection current transfers energy.

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8
Q

Describe the mechanisms of radiation

A

Infrared radiation from the sun is reflected from a shiny reflector. A device at the focus of the reflector converts heat energy into electricity. Infrared radiation is absorbed by dull or rough surfaces.

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9
Q

Why is producing a higher percentage of useful energy or increasing efficiency important?

A

c

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10
Q

Describe 3 ways to reduce heat energy loss in the home and how they work.

A

Loft insulation
•Fibre glass contains pockets of air and air is a poor conductor. Poor conductors are bad insulators. They prevent heat escaping through conduction.
Double glazing
•The gap between the two panes of glass have either air, argon or a vacuum. Air and argon are good insulators but a vacuum is the best.
Draught excluders
•Stop heat escaping through gaps in doors and windows (convection)

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11
Q

What is payback time?

A

The time taken to earn back the money paid.

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12
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

Wave speed = Frequency x wavelength

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13
Q

What is Diffraction

A

The spreading out of a wave as it passes through a gap

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14
Q

What is the speed of light

A

3×10(8) m/s

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15
Q

What is wave speed measured in

A

M/S

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16
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Radiowave 
Microwaves 
Infrared 
Visible 
Ultra violet 
X-Ray
Gamma
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17
Q

High frequency - low wavelength=

A

High energy and is quickly absorbed

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18
Q

Low frequency – high wavelength =

A

Lower energy but less easily absorbed

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19
Q

Advantages of using light in communication

A

Can be sent very quickly.

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20
Q

Advantages of using radio waves in communication

A
  • Can be sent very quickly

* Can travel large distances and through the atmosphere and space

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21
Q

Advantages of using electricity in communication

A

Can be sent very quickly.

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22
Q

Disadvantages of using light in communication

A

Signals must be coded

anyone can see what is being sent

23
Q

Disadvantages of using electricity in communication

A
  • Equipment and wires are needed to link the sender and the receiver.
  • Wires can be cut
  • Signals need to be amplified at regular intervals due to heat energy loss.
24
Q

What is an endoscope?

A

An instrument used by doctors to see inside someones body without surgery.

25
Q

How/ why does total internal inflection occur?

A

The angle of incidence is increased and the light reflects back into the material.

26
Q

How are optical fibres used?

A

To transmit data at 200 000 Km/s

27
Q

How do optical fibres work?

A

The angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

28
Q

What type of electromagnetic waves are most dangerous and why?

A

Gamma because it has the highest frequency and energy.

29
Q

What happens to nearby objects when objects give out infrared?

A

They absorb and emit more infrared radiation.

30
Q

How do microwave ovens work?

A
  • Microwaves in a microwave oven are absorbed by fat and water molecules in food.
  • Microwaves penetrate about 1cm into food.
  • The water or fat molecules in the outer layers vibrate and their kinetic energy increases.
  • The energy is transferred to the centre of the food by conduction or convection.
31
Q

What else is infrared used for?

A

Cooking and TV remotes.

32
Q

How does infrared cook food?

A
  • Particles on the surface of the food absorb infrared.
  • Kinetic energy of the particles increases
  • It only heats the surface of food.
33
Q

Why is there an argument about whether mobile phones are safe?

A

Microwaves are used for communication as well as cooking.

Some people think mobile phones ‘fry your brains.”

34
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital signals?

A

Digital signals have only two possible values, a high value and a low value.
Analogue signals have a range of values and are
continuously variable.

35
Q

What are the advantages of analogue over digital?

A
  • Improved picture and sound quality
  • A greater choice of programmes
  • being able to interact with the programme
  • Guides and subtitles available
36
Q

What is multiplexing?

A

When a large number of digital signals can be transmitted at the same time.

37
Q

How is an analogue wave carried by a carrier signal?

A

The carrier wave and the analogue wave are combined.

A receiver subtracts the carrier wave

The original wave is reproduced

The original wave and its interference are amplified

38
Q

How are radio waves reflected refracted and absorbed in the atmosphere

A

Reflected off obstacles the reflected signal travels further.

radio waves are refracted in the lower layers of the atmosphere

39
Q

What is ghosting

A

When the picture produced is shifted to the right

40
Q

What are the advantages of digital radio over analogue.

A
  • The effect of interference is reduced

* More radio stations are available

41
Q

How to communications satellites work.

A

Microwaves pass through the ionosphere and are received by satellites orbiting the earth.

42
Q

How can the ionosphere help send messages

A

It reflects the lowest frequency radio waves so that they can still reach receivers that are not in the line of sight

43
Q

How can diffraction help send signals over hills.

A

T

44
Q

How can satellite dishes they affected by diffraction

A

There will be some diffraction at the edges of the dish the wavelength of the microwaves must be small compared to the dish diameter to reduce this diffraction

45
Q

What causes earthquakes

A

And earthquake happens when rocks deep below the surface of the earth move suddenly at a fault

46
Q

How does a seismometer work

A

Hey heavyweight with a pen attached is suspended above a rotating drum. During an earthquake the base moves but the pen stays still

47
Q

What is a seismograph

A

A graph or picture showing the vibrations caused by an earthquake over time.

48
Q

What is a P wave

A

A primary wave. It is a longitudinal wave and is similar to a soundwave

49
Q

What is an S wave

A

A secondary waves it is a transverse wave

50
Q

What are the differences between P and S waves

A

S waves are slightly slower
S waves only pass through solids

P waves pass through solids and liquids

51
Q

How have waves help us work out the structure of the earth

A

S waves cannot be detected on the opposite side of the earth to an earthquake. This tell scientists that there is a liquid in their path. Elsewhere S waves are detected over the same area as P-waves which indicates that the liquid is found in the earth’s core

52
Q

Which type of waves can’t travel through liquid

A

S waves

53
Q

What is a P-wave shadow and how is it caused

A

B

Physics 1 (1 decks)

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