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Physics > P2 - Forces > Flashcards

P2 - Forces Flashcards

1
Q

8 what is resultant force?

A

a single force which has the same effect as all the individual forces acting together

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2
Q

8 how to calculate resultant force?

A

adding the forces if they are in the same direction (direction is the same as the forces)

subtract smaller from bigger if in opposite directions (direction is the same as the biggest force)

when at right angles, its the hypotenuse (use pythagorus theroem)

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3
Q

8 resultant force = 0?

A

forces are balanced
stationary object remains stationary
moving objects continue moving at the same speed in the same direction

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4
Q

8 resultant force = not 0

A

stationary objects begin to move in direction of resultant force
moving object speeds up, slows down or changes direction depending on the direction of the resultant force

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5
Q

9 what is Newton’s first law?

A

if the resultant force acting on an object is zero and:

the object is stationary, remains stationary
the object is moving, continues moving at the same speed and direction
the object continues at the same velocity

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6
Q

10 what is newtons second law?

A

when a force acts on an object it will accelerate
the acceleration is always proportional to the force being applied, so long as the mass remains constant

force = mass x acceleration

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7
Q

10 equation for force?

A

force = mass x acceleration

force = N
mass = Kg
acceleration = m/s^2

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8
Q

10 what is newtons third law?

A

whenever two objects interact, the force they exert on each other is equal in size and opposite in direction

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

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9
Q

10 what are the interaction pairs for the third law

A

action 2 sperate pairs
act in opposite directions
act along the same line
have the same size
are the same type of force

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10
Q

11 what are the forces when…
a skydiver has just jumped off the plane ?

A

only force is weight
resultant force is weigh so the forces are unbalanced which means acceleration

newtons second law

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11
Q

11 what are the forces when…
a skydiver is now in freefall?

A

resultant force = weigh - air
unbalanced forces but resultant force is smaller than stage 1
accelerate at a slower rate

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12
Q

11 what are the forces when…
a skydiver reaches the last stage of the fall?

A

resultant force = weight - air resistance
resultant force = 0
so sky diver moves at constant speed
terminal velocity

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13
Q

11 what are the forces when…
a skydiver opens their parachute

A

resultant force = weight - air resistance
unbalanced forces
air resistance is more than weight
resultant force is negative, so decelerates

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14
Q

11 what are the forces when…
a skydiver reaches the ground

A

resultant force = weight - air resistance
balanced forces
resultant force = 0
lower constant speed than stage 3
terminal velocity

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15
Q

12 what is momentum?

A

all moving objects have it
a measure of how difficult it is to stop a moving object
defined by the product of mass and velocity on an object
its a unit of measurement

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16
Q

12 equation for momentum

A

momentum = mass x velocity
p= m x v

momentum = Kgm/s
mass = Kg
velocity = m/s

17
Q

12 what is conservation of momentum

A

the total momentum stays the same during collisions and explosions
before = after

18
Q

13 what is work done

A

a measurement of how much energy is required when a force moves an object
it will require more energy when:
more force is needed
done over a larger distance

19
Q

13 what is the equation for work done

A

work done = force x distance
w = f x d

work done = J
force = N
distance = m

20
Q

13 what is…
chemical energy

light energy

kinetic energy

sound energy

A

energy released through chemical reactions

when you can see light

movement and motion

when something makes a sound

21
Q

13 what is….
nuclear energy

GPE

heat energy

A

splitting of neutrons and atoms apart

when an object can fall from a height

released through transfer of heat energy

22
Q

13 what is….
electrostatic energy

magnetic energy

elastic potential energy

A

transfer of electrons

energy used in magnets of magnetic material

change the shape of an object

23
Q

14 what is plastic material

what is elastic material

A

when an object doesn’t return to its previous shape when force are removed

when an object does return to its previous shape after forces are removed

24
Q

14 what is hooke’s law

A

the extension of a spring is directly proportional the force exerted on it

25
Q

14 what is the limit of proportionality/ elastic limit

A

when the line starts to curve
before- always straight
after - always a curve

26
Q

14 what happens before the elastic limit is reached?

A

force is directly proportional to extension
spring obeys hookes law
spring returns to original shape

27
Q

14 what happens after the elastic limit is reached

A

non linear relationship between force and extension
spring disobeys hookes law
spring is permanently disformed

28
Q

14 what does directly proportional mean?

what does spring constant mean?

A

as one variable increases, so does the other at the same constant

how stiff the spring is

29
Q

14 three conditions of being directly proportional

A

straight
positive (up)
go though 0,0

30
Q

14 what is spring constant equation

A

force = spring constant x extension
f =k x e

force = N
spring constant = N/m
extension = m

31
Q

15 what is weight

what is mass

A

pull force earth exerts on every objects in its gravitational field

how much matter in an object. it is a property and it stays the same everywhere

32
Q

15 what is a scalar

what is a vector

A

mass speed distance

displacement velocity

33
Q

15 what is gravitational field

what is gravitational field strength

A

area around an object that allows it to attract every other object with a mass in it. it depends on how massive the object is. massive objects have stronger gravitational fields

tells us how strong the gravitational field is

34
Q

15 gf on earth?

on the moon

jupiter

pluto?

A

10 N/Kg

1.6 N/Kg

26 N/kg

0.6 N/Kg

35
Q

15 equation for weight

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength
w = m x g

weight = N
mass= Kg
gravitational field strength = N/kg

36
Q

16 when do we have gravitational potential energy?

what is it

A

if something is above ground it will have it

when an object change weight it gains or loses GPE. the higher an object is the more GPE it has

37
Q

16 GPE equation

A

Gravitational potential = mass x height x gravitational field strength
Ep = m x g x h

Gravitational potential = J
Mass = Kg
Gravitational field strength = N/Kg (10)
height = m

38
Q

16 when do you have kinetic energy

what is it

A

when something moves

the faster an object is travelling the more kinetic energy it has
an object with a large mass has more enrgy than an object with small mass moving at the speed

39
Q

16 kinetic energy equation

A

Kinetic energy = half x mass x velocity
Ek = 0.5 x m x v^2

Kinetic energy = J
mass = Kg
Velocity = m/s

Physics (6 decks)

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