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Physics > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

1
Q

Density Equation?

A

p = m / v

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2
Q

Units for density

A

density, ρ, in kilograms per metre cubed, kg/m3
mass, m, in kilograms, kg
volume, V, in metres, cubed, m3

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3
Q

Internal Energy

A

Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all
the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system

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4
Q

How to calculate specific latent heat?

A

L = Energy needed for a change of state / mass

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5
Q

what does the increase in temperature depend on?

A

If the temperature of the system increases, the increase in
the temperature depends on the mass of the substance heated, the
type of material and the energy input to the system.

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6
Q

How to calculate the change in thermal energy?

A

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

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7
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance
by one degree Celsius.

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8
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The specific latent heat of a substance is the amount of energy
required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with
no change in temperature.

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9
Q

What happens when a change of state occurs?

A

When a change of state occurs, the energy supplied changes
the energy stored (internal energy) but not the temperature.

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10
Q

How to calculate the energy for a change of state?

A

energy for a change of state = mass × specific latent heat
E = mL

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11
Q

Specific latent heat of fusion

A

change of state from solid to liquid

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12
Q

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

change of state from liquid to vapour

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13
Q

What is the temperature of a gas related to?

A

the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

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14
Q

What happens when you change the temperature of a gas?

A

Changing the temperature of a gas, held at constant volume, changes the pressure exerted by the gas.

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15
Q

What types of changes are changes of state?

A

Physical changes; they are reversible

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16
Q

During changes of state, does temperature increase?

A

No; the energy is being used to break the bonds between the particals

17
Q

What happens as a substance increases in temperature?

A

Each particle gains kinetic energy and begins to vibrate with a bigger amplitude; the gain in kinetic energy causes the temperature to increase ( Specific Heat Capacity)

18
Q

What happens during a change of state?

A

Once particles have gained enough kinetic energy, the thermal energy is used to break the bonds between the particles ( Specific Latent Heat )

19
Q

Potential energy?

A

Potential the particles have to bond; the energy absorbed to break forces between particles

20
Q

What state has the highest potential energy?

A

A solid; the particles have already formed bonds

21
Q

If there is a change in temperature, what does that mean?

A

Kinetic energy is changing

22
Q

If there is a change of state, what does that mean?

A

Potential energy is changing

23
Q

What is pressure?

A

The impact/force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the container over a small space/area

24
Q

What is gas pressure?

A

The total force exerted by by all gas molecules over the walls of the container

25
Q

How to increase the pressure of a gas?

A
  • Increase temp of gas
  • Decrease the volume of the container
  • Increase the number of particles in the container
26
Q

Why does increasing temp increase gas pressure?

A
  • Increase in temp = increase in kinetic energy
  • particles move faster
  • causing more collisions with the wall of the container
  • more collisions = greater force
  • = pressure increasing
27
Q

What can be compressed and why?

A
  • Gas, yes: Particles are far apart, able to move away from other particles
  • Solid/Liquid, no: Particles can’t move further away from each other
28
Q

Why do some objects float?

A

They have a lower density than the liquid

29
Q

What increases density?

A

Salt

30
Q

Why do cold things have heat?

A

Each molecule has some sort of heat energy, therefore a big cold thing would have more heat energy than a small thing since it has more molecules so it adds up

31
Q

What do you need to increase heat energy?

A

More molecules

32
Q

What is heat energy?

A

Total energy of all particles

33
Q

What is temperature?

A

The kinetic energy of the average particle

Physics (4 decks)

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