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microbio > Pacop 1-59 > Flashcards

Pacop 1-59 Flashcards

1
Q

The internationally recommended strategy for the control of tuberculosis is DOTS, which is stands for:

A

Directly Observed Treatment Short Course

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2
Q

Components of DOTS

A
  • sustained financial and political commitment
  • diagnosis by quality-ensured sputum smear microscopy
  • standardized short course anti-TB drugs given to patients as supervised by treatment partners
  • regular uninterrupted supply of quality anti-TB drugs
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3
Q

Classification of diphtheria toxin

A

Cytotoxin

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4
Q

Characteristics of inflammation

A
  • pain at the injured site
  • redness
  • increase in temperature
  • swelling
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5
Q

Graft from twin brother to sister

A

Isograft

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6
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

Only identical twins have the same MHCs

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7
Q

Viruses that infect e.coli

A

Coliphages

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8
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

A

Antibodies are found only in infected immunocompromised hosts

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9
Q

Aspergillosis is caused by

A

Aspergillus flavus

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10
Q

It is a primary zoonotic disease that is associated with ingestion of contaminated milk

A

Brucellosis

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11
Q

A group of serum proteins that act in a cascade manner resulting in microbial cell lysis, inflammation and opsonisation

A

Complement system

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12
Q

Antibody that is produced first in response to a primary infection

A

IgM

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13
Q

Antibody present in breastmilk

A

IgA

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14
Q

Type of immunity resulting from vaccination

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

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15
Q

Confirmatory test for HIV infection

A

Western blot technique

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16
Q

Effective sterilization of a dental instrument used in a patient reported to be infected with AIDS, requires condition of

A

121 degree celsius, 15psi, for 15 mins

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17
Q

Ionizing radiation inactivates vegetative bacteria by:

A

Driving away electrons and splitting the molecules into atoms or groups

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18
Q

An effective membrane pore size necessary to filter out most rigid bacteria is approximately

A

0.20 micrometer

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19
Q

A laboratory method used to show induced mutation

A

Ames test

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20
Q

Process of gene tranfer responsible for antibiotic resistance

A

Conjugation and transposon insertion

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21
Q

Algicide used in swimming pool

A

Cupric sulfate

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22
Q

Lysol has a phenol coefficient of 5.0 against staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand,formalin has 0.5 phenol coefficient

A
  • formalin is half as effective as formalin
  • lysol is 4.5 times more effective than formalin
  • formalin is twice more effective than phenol
  • formalin id 5x better than lysol
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23
Q

A change in the DNA which results in an insertion or deletion of one or more bases

A

Frameshift mutation

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24
Q

A stop codon that signals the end of protein synthesis is

A

UAG

25
Q

What will be the transcribed sequence for the ff DNA sequence of a gene GACCTGCAT

A

CUGGACGUA

26
Q

Bacterial genes that may code for drug resistance

A

R FACTORS

27
Q

Antibiotic acts on the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interferes with the binding of tRNA to ribisomes

A

Streptomycin

28
Q

Any mutant microorganism with a nutritional requirement that is absent in the parent microorganism is known as

A

Auxotroph

29
Q

Bacterium used in the ames test

A

Auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium

30
Q

Small segments of DNA that can move from one region of a DNA molecule to another

A

Transporons

31
Q

First chemotherapeutic agent effective against syphilis

A

Salvarsan

32
Q

The original source of penicillin discovered by Fleming was a mold known as

A

Penicillium notatum

33
Q

A biotechnological technique used to treat disorders where a missing gene is inserted or a defective one is replaced in human cells

A

Gene therapy

34
Q

A process whereby an endospore returns to its vegetative state known as

A

Germination

35
Q

Net yield of ATP molecules in aerobic respiration of prokaryotes

A

38 mols atp/glucose mol

36
Q

Net yield of atp molecules arising from the complete oxidationof glucose in fungal cells

A

36 mols atp/glucose mol

37
Q

A small segment of DNA that carries genes for sex pili synthesis

A

F plasmids

38
Q

Gene transfer between bacteria by means of a virus

A

Transduction

39
Q

Self-replicating circular molecules of DNA carrying genes

A

Plasmids

40
Q

A technique where small samples of DNA can be amplified for analysis

A

Polymerase chain reaction

41
Q

Relative amount of antibody in the serum

A

Antibody titer

42
Q

Macrolide antibody

A

Azithromycin

43
Q

Streptogramin ( a unique group of antibiotics)

A

Dalfopristin

44
Q

Viridand streptococci group

A

Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus salivarius

45
Q

Cause of tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

46
Q

Enhancement of phagocytosis thru coating with complement

A

Opsonization

47
Q

Recently discovered antimicrobial peptides produced by humans

A

Dermicidins
Defensins
Thrombocidins
Cathelicidins

48
Q

A group of serum proteins involved in phagocytosis and lysis of bacteria

A

Complement system

49
Q

Fixed macrophages that protect and reside in the liver

A

Kupffer cells

50
Q

The quick response of the immune system due to recall by memory cells is known as

A

Anamnestic response

51
Q

Term for programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

52
Q

Referred to as inactivated toxins that act as vaccines

A

Toxoids

53
Q

Duration of immunity of rabies vaccine

A

2 years

54
Q

A monoclonal antibody used to treat inflammatory conditions, such as, rheumatoid arthritis and crohn’s disease

A

Infliximab

55
Q

A complement fixation diagnostic rest for syphilis

A

Wassermann test

56
Q

An amateur scientist who saw “animalcules “ in his single-lens microscope

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

57
Q

His experiments on aseptic technique disproved the theory of spontaneous generation

A

Louis pasteur

58
Q

Discovered the microbial causes of bacterial infections, such as, anthrax and tuberculosis

A

Robert koch

59
Q

A sequence of experimental steps that help identify the specific microbe that caused a specific disease

A

Koch’s postulate

microbio (3 decks)

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