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chemistry gcse > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen by a substance

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2
Q

What does impurity mean?

A

Some substance which isn’t pure and/or shouldn’t be there

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3
Q

What does viscosity mean?

A

The thickness of something

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4
Q

How are Protons, Electrons and neutrons charged?

A

Protons - Positive
Electrons - Negative
Neutrons - neutral

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5
Q

What are atoms made up of?

A

Protons, electrons and neutrons

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of different atoms joined together

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

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8
Q

Who is John Dalton and what did he do?

A

He was a chemist, and he published a theory of atoms and explained how they joined together to form new substances.
He also worked out some atomic weights.

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9
Q

What are the conditions used in the Haber process?

A

Temperature - 450 degrees
Pressure - 200/250
catalyst - Iron

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10
Q

What is 1DM Cubed in cm cubed?

A

1000cm cubed

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11
Q

What is an ore?

A

Naturally occurring rocks that contain metal or metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it feel worth while extracting them.

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12
Q

What is neutralisation with carbonates?

A

Makes a salt and water when we neutralise them with acids

But we can get a carbon dioxide gas too.

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13
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a colour change, of the presence or absence of a concentration of a chemical

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14
Q

What pH’s are alkali?

A

8,9,10,11,12,13,14

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15
Q

What are the particles in a solid like?

A
  • Cannot move from place to place.
  • close together
  • arranged in a regular way
  • can vibrate in fixed positions
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16
Q

What are the properties of solids and the reasons for them?

A

They have a fixed shape and cannot flow- the particles cannot move from place to place.
They cannot be compressed - the particles are close together and have no space to move in to.

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17
Q

What are the particles like in Liquids?

A
  • Close together
  • arranged in a random way
  • move around each other
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18
Q

what are the properties of liquids and the reasons for them?

A

They flow and take the shape of the bottom of their container - the particles can move around eachother.
They cannot be compressed - The particles are close together and have no space to move in to.

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19
Q

What are the particles like in gases?

A
  • far apart
  • arranged in a random way
  • move quickly in all directions
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20
Q

What are the properties of gases and the reason s for them?

A

They flow and completely fill their container - the particles can move quickly in all directions
They can be compressed - The particles are far apart and have space to move in to

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21
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions.

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22
Q

What is reduction?

A

Its the loss of oxygen from a substance

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23
Q

what are reverse reactions?

A

Where the reactants form products which react together to give the reactants back

24
Q

What is an equilibrium?

A

The state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time.

25
Q

What is recycling?

A

Materials collected, separated then treated based on their physical or chemical properties

26
Q

How can we remember oxidation and reduction?

A

OILRIG

27
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When an alkali is added to an acid

- forms neutral products

28
Q

What pH is neutral?

A

pH 7

29
Q

What pH’s are acids?

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

30
Q

what are the 3 states of matter?

A

solids, liquids and gases

31
Q

What are moles?

A

The amount of a chemical substance that contains as many constitutive particles.
6 x 10 to the power of 23 — Avagadro number
— 600, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000

32
Q

How do you find the empirical formula?

A

1/ find the masses
2/ look up given Ar values
3/ divide masses by Ar
4/ find the ratio

33
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

A formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangements of atoms

34
Q

What is the conservation of mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

35
Q

How do you find the formula mass?

A
  • Write formula of compound
  • write numbers of each atom in the formula
  • insert the RAM for each type of atom
  • calculate the total mass for each compound
  • add total mass for the compound
36
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
  • high density
  • strong
  • malleable
  • good conductor of heat
  • makes a ringing sounds when hit
37
Q

What are the properties of covalent bonds?

A
  • low boiling and melting points
  • various colours - poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • brittle solids
38
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

39
Q

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

A
  • Form giant ionic lattices
  • high melting and boiling points
  • conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water
40
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

The transfer of electrons from a metallic atom to a non- metallic atom

41
Q

What did Dmitrie Madeleev do?

A

He arranged the elements know at the time in order of relative atomic mass.

42
Q

What were Daltons conclusion?

A
  • all matter is made of atoms
  • Atoms cant be broken down
  • atoms are rearranged in a chemical reaction
43
Q

How many electrons are in each shell around the nucleus?

A

Only 2 in the first shell && 8 in the other shells

44
Q

What is electronic configuration?

A

How the electrons are arranged

45
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

A

mass number
- ( minus )
atomic number

46
Q

what is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons that an atom has.

47
Q

what is the mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

48
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element which have different numbers of neutrons

49
Q

what is the term we use when electrons transfer?

A

Ionic bonding

50
Q

What term do we use when electrons share?

A

Covalent bonding

51
Q

How do elements react to form compounds?

A

By gaining or losing electrons or by sharing them.

52
Q

What are the electrons in an atom that are arranged around the nucleus?

A

shells - each shell represents a different energy level

53
Q

What is …

Acid + Alkali?

A

Salt + water

54
Q

What is …

Acid + base?

A

Salt + water

55
Q

What is…

Acid + metal?

A

Salt + hydrogen

56
Q

What is …

Acid + carbonate?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

chemistry gcse (1 decks)

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