Paper 1 - Key Terms

Question 1

Define genome

Answer 1

Complete set of genes in a cell

Question 2

Define proteome

Answer 2

Full range of different proteins that a cell is able to produce

Question 3

Define loci

Answer 3

Position of a gene within a chromosome

Question 4

Define allele

Answer 4

A different version/form of a gene

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

A DNA base sequence that codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 6

Define introns

Answer 6

Non-coding sequence within a gene of DNA

Question 7

Define exons

Answer 7

Coding sequences within a gene of DNA

Question 8

Genetic code - universal

Answer 8

Same 3 bases on mRNA/DNA code for the same amino acids in all organisms

Question 9

Genetic code - non-overlapping

Answer 9

Each base is only part of one triplet

Question 10

Genetic code - degenerate

Answer 10

More than one triplet for each amino acid

Question 11

Mutagenic agents

Answer 11

Increase the rate of spontaneous mutation

Question 12

Examples of mutagenic agents

Answer 12

High energy ionising radiation- gamma rays, x-rays, beta particles
Biological agents- viruses, bacteria eg.HIV
DNA reactive chemicals- benzene, hydrogen peroxide

Question 13

Define genetic diversity

Answer 13

The number of different alleles of a gene in a population

Question 14

Chromosome

Answer 14

An independent DNA molecule that has been supercoiled into a condensed form

Question 15

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 15

Chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same loci but may have different alleles

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

Different version of a gene