Paper 1: Section 5- Health, Disesase and the Development of Medicine

Question 1

How is health defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being.

Question 2

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 2

A disease that can be transferred from one person to another, or from one organism to another.

Question 3

Name 3 examples of communicable diseases.

Answer 3

1. measles
2. food poisoning
3. malaria

Question 4

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 4

A disease that is not transferred between people or other organisms

Question 5

Name 4 examples of non-communicable diseases.

Answer 5

1. cardiovascular disease
2. cancer
3. chronic respiratory disease
4. diabetes

Question 6

What is a pathogen?

Answer 6

A disease-causing organism, including
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists

Question 7

What is the body’s defense system against entry of any foreign body, including pathogens?

Answer 7

The immune system

Question 8

What is bacteria?

Answer 8

Single-celled microorganisms (Singular is bacterium) that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body.

Question 9

How can you treat bacteria?

Answer 9

Antibiotics that bust open the bacterial cells.

Question 10

What is a virus?

Answer 10

An infectious non-cellular organism that require host cells to reproduce.

Question 11

How can you treat a virus?

Answer 11

Possible to get “antivirals” but rest and hydration can help your immune system.

Question 12

What is a protist?

Answer 12

A eukaryotic, usually single-celled organism of the kingdom Protista.

Question 13

How can you prevent infection from protists?

Answer 13

Mosquito nets or insect repellents.

Question 14

What are fungi?

Answer 14

A large group of eukaryotic organisms that contain single-celled yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms.

Question 15

What is cholera and how is it transmitted?

Answer 15

A bacterial infection that is often transmitted in dirty water or contaminated food.

Question 16

What are the symptoms of cholera?

Answer 16

. diarrhoea
. feeling and being sick (vomiting)
. stomach cramps

Question 17

If infected how can you be treated from cholera?

Answer 17

Taking oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration and shock. The solutions have salts and glucose in them to help replace those lost in diarrhoea and vomiting.

Question 18

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

Answer 18

. A vaccine
. Antibiotics

Question 19

What is Tuberculosis (TB) and how is it transmitted?

Answer 19

A bacterial infection spread in tiny droplets when a person coughs or sneezes- an air born disease.

Question 20

What are the symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer 20

. a bad cough often resulting in coughing up blood
. loss of appetite leading to weight loss
. high temperature
. tiredness and fatigue

Question 21

Who are most likely to catch Tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer 21

Patients that have other diseases or a weakened immune system.

Question 22

If infected how can you be treated from Tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer 22

Antibiotics

Question 23

How can the spread of Tuberculosis (TB) be reduced or prevented?

Answer 23

The BCG vaccine

Question 24

What is Helicobacter pylori and what can it cause?

Answer 24

A bacterium which can cause stomach ulcers. The bacteria simply live in the stomach lining without causing ulcers.

Question 25

How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted?

Answer 25

From an infected person, through saliva.

Question 26

For some people, infection by H. pylori starts to _____the lining of the stomach which then stops protecting them from the _________ acid in their stomach. This irritation forms an ____. We don’t yet know why some people are more likely to develop ____.

Answer 26

1. irritate the lining of the stomach
2. hydrochloric
3. ulcer
4. ulcers.

Question 27

What lifestyle factors can increase the risk of stomach ulcers?

Answer 27

. spicy food
. stress
.excessive alcohol
. smoking

Question 28

What are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 28

. indigestion
. heartburn
. loss of appetite and weight loss

Question 29

What can be used to treat stomach ulcers shown to be caused by Heliobacter pylori?

Answer 29

. Antibiotics

Question 30

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

Answer 30

. A vaccine
. Antibiotics

Question 31

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

Answer 31

. A vaccine
. Antibiotics