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Psychology > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What did allport do

A

Combined both psychodynamic and Behavioural approaches to explain personality

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2
Q

Types of vicarious models

A

Live
Verbal
Symbolic

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3
Q

Name for attention retention motor reproduction and motivation

A

Mediational processes

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4
Q

What caused increase in aggressive behaviour for bobo doll

A

Vicarious reinforcement, models were given positive reinforcement like praise

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5
Q

What percent of abused kids become abusive

A

30%

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6
Q

% schizophrenia:
Adopted kids with schizo parents and disturbed house?
And adopted kid with genes but no disturbed house?

A

40%

6%

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7
Q

Who studied OCD concordance rate and what were results?

A

Billet

MZ twins 68% OCD concordance, DZ 31%

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8
Q

Who had personality change due to pole going through eye and brain, where in brain

A

Phineas Gage, frontal lobe

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9
Q

General name for areas of fascination in each psychosexual stage

A

Enrogenous zone

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10
Q

Positives of psychodynamic(4)

A

+linked to bio needs, innate evolution
+provide methods of therapy, psychoanalysis
+look at early life experience
+first psychological approach, before though abnormalities due to spirits

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11
Q

Negatives of psychodynamic (6)

A
  • subjective, dream analysis and case studies
  • lack falsifiability
  • emphasise too much on past, should focus on present to cure
  • no cause or effect
  • sexist
  • psychoanalysis expensive and time
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12
Q

Positives of bio approach

A

+testable, scientific
+treatment drugs
+observable fMRI, post mortem

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13
Q

Negatives of bio approach

A
  • no nurture
  • excuse cognitive behaviour since deterministic
  • biological reductionism
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14
Q

What do inhibitory neurone do (charge) , examples (2)

A

Make axon more negative, calming
Seretonin not enough = depression and anxiety
GABA, not enough = anxiety, not calm

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15
Q

What do excitatory neurotransmitter do to charge, examples

A

Makes axon more positive, noradrenaline

Acetylcholine: too much depress, too little dementia

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16
Q

What type of neurotransmitters is dopamine, what does it do

A

Both inhibitory and excitatory, depends on receptor it binds to. Pleasure coordination and reward, low causes Parkinson, excess causes schizophrenia positive symptoms

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17
Q

What does thyroid gland do

A

Thyroxin for appetite, growth and metabolism. Disorder is Graves’ disease: weight loss

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18
Q

What does adrenal gland make

A

Cortisol and adrenaline

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19
Q

What hormones from ovaries

A

Progesterone and oestrogen

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20
Q

Where is melatonin made

A

Penal gland

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21
Q

What hormone from pancreas, job?

A

Insulin, blood sugar level

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22
Q

Job of cerebral cortex

A

Higher level processes such as consciousness, emotion, language and memory

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23
Q

Components of the limbic system

A

Thamalus, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala

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24
Q

Function of hippocampus

A

Learning and memory, taxi enlarged posterior hippocampus

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25
Q

Components of hindbrain (brain stem), functions

A

Pons- REM brain activity in sleep
Cerebellum - coordinate, balance, procedural memory
Medulla oblongata - autonomic

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26
Q

Example of lesion studies

A

Phineas gage and HM

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27
Q

What happened to HM

A

He had some of hippocampus removed too stop severe epilepsy, couldn’t form LTM

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28
Q

Location of basal ganglia, function, abnormalities it causes

A

Base of forebrain, motor skill, motivation, learn by association, OCD addiction

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29
Q

How many pps in split brain study who did it

A

10 men 1 woman, Sperry

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30
Q

Spell fmri

A

Resonance

31
Q

What EEG used for, evaluate

A

Sleep studies
+temporal resolution
-spatial resolution

32
Q

Name for brain study method where waves recorded in response to stimuli

A

ERP

33
Q

Characteristics of anal expulsion

A

Generous, disorganised, careless

34
Q

What is congruence between?

A

Self concept, ideal self

35
Q

Conditions of worth meaning

A

Believe we must meet conditions to be worthy of others positive regard

36
Q

Features of therapist in client centred therapy

A

Genuiness, empathy and unconditional positive regard

37
Q

Who made client centred therapy

A

Carl Rogers

38
Q

Who did hierarch of needs

A

Maslow

39
Q

Characteristics of self actualisation

A 
CRAP SHOPP
Creative
Reality perception 
Accepts self 
Privacy 
Spontaneous 
Humour weird 
Objective 
Problem centred not self centred 
Peak experience
40
Q

Study on benefits of client centred therapy , how many pps, how long, % improvements

A

Gibbard and Hanley, 700, 5yr

70%

41
Q

Real life application for behavioural approach (5)

A 
Token economy
Video game addiction
Adverts
Cupboard love 
Phobias
42
Q

How to increase social learning theory effectiveness

A 
Interesting 
Humour/unusual 
Simple
Memorable 
Showing vicarious reinforcement
43
Q

How many kids in bobo doll

A

36 b 36 g

44
Q

Is psychodynamic nature or nurture

A

Basic instinct nature but expressed by childhood environmental experiences

45
Q

Types of determinism

A

Psychic
Biological
Environmental

46
Q

Is psychodynamic reductionistic

A

Yh, rejects free will, unconscious control

47
Q

Levels of hierarchy of needs

A 
Psychological 
Safety
Belonging 
Esteem 
Self actualisation
48
Q

Who studied how lower needs of hierarchy must be fulfilled first, what did he do

A

Arnoff, compared tank of fishermen and cane cutters

49
Q

Why is humanistic ethnocentric

A

Individualist western cultures priorities individual success, saying collectivist cultures are less able to self actualise

50
Q

Word meaning each hemisphere controls opposite side of body

A

Contralateral

51
Q

What side of brain is language, names of areas, spell

A

Left

Broca and Wernicke

52
Q

Where is more cortex

A

Top middle, contralateral, infront of somatosensory, behind frontal lobe

53
Q

Location and role of somatosensory cortex

A

Receive sensory info like touch, pain and temp, behind motor cortex

54
Q

Location of auditory cortex

A

In between boroca and wernicke but on both hemispheres, hearing

55
Q

Location of visual cortex (occupational lobe)

A

Back of brain, processing of visual info happen on opposite side of body it was received

56
Q

How to remember locations of 4 things in brain

A

BAWV

Broca (L)
Auditory
Wernicke (L)
Visual

57
Q

Examples of non localised vs localised functions of brain

A

Motor and somatosensory localised
Language and consciousness not localised
Most things don’t work independently

58
Q

4 reasons for plasticity

A

New skills
External trauma to brain
Internal trauma, bleed or stoke

59
Q

How plasticity recovery happens

A 
Synaptic pruning (become stronger or are lost)
Axonal sprouting (existing neurone grow new axon to connect neurone)
Denervation supersensetuvity (loss of axons cause remaining to become more sensitive) 
Recruitment of homologous area (opposite side of brain take over)
60
Q

Factors that affect functional recovery

A 
Age
Gender (women better)
Rehab therapy CIMT
Drugs alcohol
Education/brain activity
61
Q

Studies on plasticity

A 
EB left hemisphere removed, tumour
Phineas Gague, iron pole
Maguire taxi
40years of golf 
Education and IQ
62
Q

Job of thalamus

A

Relay sensory info to cortex

63
Q

What love is visual cortex in

A

Occipital

64
Q

Difference between SLT and behaviourism

A

Watson, Pavlov, Skinner. Behaviourism believe behaviour due to SR bonds and external stimuli

Bandura. SLT think same but also due to psychological processes like vicarious learning, mediational processes

SLT partly deterministic, we determin behaviour but operate within what we learnt
Behaviourism is environmental determinism

65
Q

Ethical things i forget

A

Confidentiality

Right to withdraw

66
Q

Cycle less than 24h

A

Ultradian

67
Q

Summation meaning

A

Process to determine if neurone fires by adding up inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter

68
Q

Name for conscious or unconscious prompt that influences response of pps, due to tone change or body language

A

Investigators effect/research bias

69
Q

What not to include in interviews/questionnaire

A

Leading questions
Jargon
Unclear questions
Double barrel

70
Q

What joins left hemisphere and right

A

Corpus callosum

71
Q

Evaluate ERP

A 
\+see electric impulse in response to stimuli
\+ highly temporal resolution 
\+cheaper than fMRI 
\+don’t need to be dead
-non intrusive
-low spatial resolution 
-background noise cause impulses
72
Q

Carl Rogers 2 key words

A

Unconditional positive regard- receive support and love no matter what
Conditions of worth- only receive affection if behave certain way

73
Q

What is the endogenous pacemaker

A

Superchiasmatic nucleus

74
Q

Name for light

A

Exogenous zeitgeber

Psychology (4 decks)

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