paper 2 - resource management

Question 1

what does water transfer mean?

Answer 1

When a country has a water surplus in one area and a water shortage in another, supplies can be transferred

Question 2

how does domestic use interfere with changing water demands?

Answer 2

as wealth increases, more people can afford appliances such as washing machines, which use a lot of water

Question 3

how does agriculture interfere with changing water demands?

Answer 3

water is vital in agriculture for crops to grow so more water will be needed in summer where there is less rainfall

Question 4

how does industry interfere with changing water demands?

Answer 4

water is needed for manufacturing

Question 5

how does population growth interfere with changing water demands?

Answer 5

the uk’s population is increasing drastically so the demand for water is high

Question 6

what problems can water transfer schemes cause?

Answer 6

• dams can disrupt wildlife ecosystems
• moving water to another area can sometimes cause water insecurity in the source area

Question 7

how can agriculture affect the water quality?

Answer 7

chemicals such as nitrates from fertilisers and pesticides can be washed into rivers

Question 8

how can industry affect the water quality?

Answer 8

industrial developments may leak pollutants and chemicals into rivers

Question 9

how can oil affect the water quality?

Answer 9

oil pollution caused by spills, shipping or run off from industry creates a thick layer of oil on the waters surface

Question 10

how can sewage affect the water quality?

Answer 10

raw sewage that contains harmful bacteria is often pumped into rivers and seas

Question 11

how can litter affect the water quality?

Answer 11

people may dump litter such as food packaging into rivers

Question 12

pollution management strategy: legalisation

Answer 12

various laws restrict the amount and type of waste that farmers can put into rivers

Question 13

pollution management strategy: water treatment

Answer 13

water treatment plants filter polluted or poor quality water to kill bacteria and make it safe to drink

Question 14

pollution management strategy: investment in infrastructure

Answer 14

new sewage work and improved piping is helping to improve water quality and reduce waste

Question 15

what is the uk’s energy mix now made up of?

Answer 15

renewables like wind and solar power

Question 16

what did the uk’s energy mix used to consist of?

Answer 16

coal, gas, oil and nuclear

Question 17

economic issues with energy

Answer 17

• expensive
• nuclear power is risky

Question 18

environmental issues with energy

Answer 18

• fracking for gas causes pollution
• fossil fuels release co2 which contributes to the greenhouse effect
• hydroelectric power requires dams to be built which damages ecosystems

Question 19

What is agribusiness?

Answer 19

the application of business skills to agriculture, farms are treated like industrial businesses producing large amounts of food to reduce the cost

Question 20

what impacts does agribusiness have on the environment?

Answer 20

• manual labour is replaced by machinery resulting in greater gas emissions
• chemical fertilisers increase pollution and kill wildlife

Question 21

what is water surplus?

Answer 21

when clean water exceeds demand, resulting in water security. generally in areas with high rainfall and a low population

Question 22

what is water deficit?

Answer 22

when demand for clean water exceeds supply, resulting in water insecurity. generally in areas with low rainfall and a high population

Question 23

how does climate affect water availability?

Answer 23

areas with low precipitation are more likely to suffer from water insecurity, especially if they are hot as lot’s of water is lost through evaporation

Question 24

how does geology affect water availability?

Answer 24

water is unable to soak through hard, impermeable rock so it flows over rock surface into rivers, lakes and reservoirs instead

Question 25

how does pollution affect water availability?

Answer 25

pollution reduces the amount of clean water available for human use. it is a problem in industrial areas that rely on non renewable energy

Question 26

how does poverty affect water availability?

Answer 26

in LICs and NEEs, many people cannot afford to pay water providers for clean water, so they have no option but to get their water from wells and pipes which can be unhygienic

Question 27

how is disease and pollution an impact of water insecurity?

Answer 27

when water is scarce, people may resort to drinking untreated and polluted water, which leads to diseases such as cholera.

Question 28

how is food production an impact of water insecurity?

Answer 28

an insufficient water supply can reduce crop yield. the drop in food production can lead to starvation and malnourishment

Question 29

how is conflict an impact of water insecurity?

Answer 29

a dam built by one country to improve their supply could reduce the water supply of another country which will create conflict

Question 30

how do dams and reservoirs increase water supply?

Answer 30

a dam traps water behind a barrier to form a reservoir. excessive rainfall will result in a build up of water which will then be stored for later use

Question 31

disadvantages of dams and reservoirs?

Answer 31

• expensive
• risk of flooding which disrupts ecosystems and reduces soil fertility

Question 32

how does desalination increase water supply?

Answer 32

removing minerals from saltwater taken from the sea will make it suitable for drinking

Question 33

disadvantages of desalination?

Answer 33

• expensive
• requires huge amounts of energy

Question 34

how can we conserve water at home?

Answer 34

• shower instead of bathing
• reduce use of washing machines and other appliances
• have a water meter which charges people as they use water

Question 35

impacts of recycling water?

Answer 35

once water has been used, it can be treated and used again which reduces the need to extract more water and can be used for washing, industry and flushing toilets

Question 36

what is meant by energy surplus?

Answer 36

when energy supply exceeds demand, resulting in energy security

Question 37

what is meant by energy deficit?

Answer 37

when energy demand exceeds supply, resulting in energy insecurity

Question 38

how is economic development resulting in a rise of global energy consumption?

Answer 38

because NEEs are developing, they require more energy for technology, manufacturing and transport. also, as people become more richer, they can afford goods that consume more energy

Question 39

how is population growth resulting in a rise of global energy consumption?

Answer 39

more energy will be needed to meet the increased demand due to population increase

Question 40

how do physical factors negatively affect energy supply?

Answer 40

many renewable, such as wind or solar power, are limited by climate

Question 41

how does technology negatively affect energy supply?

Answer 41

some countries cannot afford the new technology required to extract resources like oil

Question 42

how does cost of exploitation & production negatively affect energy supply?

Answer 42

as fossil fuels become more scarce and harder to extract, their cost will increase

Question 43

why are habitats being destroyed due to energy insecurity?

Answer 43

as fossil fuels become more scarce, people are forced to extract resources from environmentally sensitive areas which destroys them

Question 44

how is conflict a result from energy insecurity?

Answer 44

conflict may arise between countries competing for resources

Question 45

what are the costs to the environment from energy insecurity?

Answer 45

renewable energy sources like wind farms and hydroelectric reservoirs. can spoil landscapes and ecosystems

Question 46

what are the 7 renewable ways to generate energy?

Answer 46

• biomass
• wind
• hydroelectric power
• tidal
• geothermal
• wave
• solar

Question 47

what is fracking?

Answer 47

a process used to extract oil and natural gas trapped in rock deep underground