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Physics > Paper 2 - waves > Flashcards

Paper 2 - waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are waves?

A

Transfer energy from one place to another

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2
Q

What are the differences between longitudinal and transverse waves?

A

Longitudinal - Oscillations are parallel to energy transfer, sound, seismic
Transverse - Oscillations are perpendicular to energy transfer, light, ripples/waves, radio, electromagnetic

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3
Q

In reflections, what are the three things waves can be?

A

Absorbed
Transmitted
Reflected

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4
Q

What are ray diagrams?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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5
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order?

A

Radiowaves
Microwaves
Infared
Visible light
UV
x-rays
Gamma rays

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6
Q

What are two waves to describe a concave lens?

A

Virtual
Diminished

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7
Q

Give one use of ultraviolet.

A

Tan
Energy efficient lamps

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8
Q

What are matt black surfaces the best of?

A

Absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation

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9
Q

What does a hotter object emit?

A

More infrared radiation

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10
Q

What does the wavelength and intensity of radiation depend on?

A

The temperature of an object

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11
Q

What does a hot object emit?

A

Short wavelengths

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12
Q

When does intensity of radiation increase?

A

At higher temperatures

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13
Q

What does a perfect black body absorb and what is it the best at?

A

All radiation
Best emitter

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14
Q

What happens if an object is warmer than its surroundings?

A

Emits more than it absorbs
Temperature decreases

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15
Q

What happens if an object is cooler than its surroundings?

A

Absorbs more than it emits
Temperature increases

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16
Q

What happens if an object is at a constant temperature?

A

Absorb rate = emit rate

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17
Q

How does black body radiation happen on earth?

A

Sun emits short wavelength
Travels to earth
Some is reflected - most is absorbed and temp of earth increases
Earth emits infrared radiation back
Some is trapped by greenhouse gases

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18
Q

How does cloud cover affect the amount of energy radiated from earth?

A

Clouds reflect the infrared radiation back to earth so cloudy nights are warmer

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19
Q

What is the principal axis?

A

Centre of the lens

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20
Q

What is the principal focus?

A

The point at which rays focus on

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21
Q

What is the focal length?

A

Distance from centre to principal focus

22
Q

What is the order of colours from low frequency to high frequency?

A

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet

23
Q

What does the colour of an objet depend on?

A

Which wavelengths of light are reflected, transmitted or absorbed

24
Q

What is transparent?

A

See through clearly

25
Q

What is translucent?

A

Scatter light rays, cannot see through clearly

26
Q

What is opaque?

A

Can’t see through at all

27
Q

What are the four sides of the Leslie’s cube?

A

Shiny metallic
White
Shiny black
Matt black

28
Q

What type of waves are sound waves?

A

Longitudinal

29
Q

What happens when sound waves hit a paper cone in a microphone?

A

Particles vibrate and it converts into electrical signals

30
Q

What happens when sound waves hit the eardrum?

A

It vibrates causing the sensation of sound

31
Q

What is the human hearing frequency?

A

20Hz - 20,000Hz

32
Q

What type of waves are P waves?

A

Longitudinal

33
Q

What can P waves pass through?

A

Solids and liquids

34
Q

What type of waves are S waves?

A

Transverse

35
Q

What can S waves pass through?

A

Solids

36
Q

What type of waves are EM waves?

A

Transverse

37
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Radio
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
UV
Xrays
Gamma rays

38
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Transmit radio and terrestrial TV signals

39
Q

Why are radio waves used?

A

Can travel long distances before being absorbed
Longer wavelength radio waves can spread out between hills
Can reflect off a layer of charged particles in the atmosphere

40
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Heating food
Communicate with satellites

41
Q

Why are microwaves used?

A

Food contains water molecules that absorb energy of microwaves
Can pass through earth’s atmosphere with out being reflected or refracted

42
Q

What is infrared used for?

A

Electrical heaters and ovens
Cameras

43
Q

Why is infrared used?

A

Energy is easily absorbed by objects in the room

44
Q

What is visible light used for?

A

Communication using fibre optics

45
Q

Why is visible light used?

A

Has a short wavelength so can carry lots of information

46
Q

What is UV used for?

A

Energy efficient lightbulb
Sun beds

47
Q

Why is UV used?

A

Short wavelength carries more energy than visible light

48
Q

What are X-rays and gamma rays used for?

A

Medical imaging

49
Q

Why are X-rays and gamma rays used?

A

They are very penetrative

50
Q

Why can high frequency waves cause damage?

A

Transfers lots of energy

51
Q

Why are x-rays and gamma rays dangerous?

A

Types of ionising radiation
Causes gene mutation or cell destruction and cancer

52
Q

Why is UV radiation dangerous?

A

Damages surface cells
Causes sunburn, skin to age prematurely
Serious effects are blindness and an increased risk of skin cancer

Physics (4 decks)

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