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Microbiology > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

0
Q

Facultative parasite

A

Doesn’t need a host

Strongyloides

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1
Q

Endoparasite

Ectoparasite

A

Infection

Infestation

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2
Q

Free living organism that passes through GIT while infesting the host

A

Spurious parasite

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3
Q

Definitive host

Intermediate host

A

Sexual

Asexual

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4
Q

Paratenic host

Reservoir host

A

Does not develop further to later stages

Allow life cycle to continue

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5
Q

Biologic vector

Mechanical vector

A

Essential for life cycle

Not essential

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6
Q

Incubation period

Pre patent period

A

Between infection and evidence of symptoms

Between infection and demonstration of infection

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7
Q

Effects of parasite on host

A

Enzymatic interference E histolytica cysteine
Invasion and destruction Plasmodium
Nutrient deprivation D latum B12

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8
Q

Immune evasion of parasites

A

Immune suppression E hystolica suppressor factor
Antigenic variation T gambiense
Host mimicry E granulosus ABO
Intracellular sequestration T gondoi macrophages

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9
Q

Protozoa in intestinal tract

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Cryptospordium parvum

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10
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Mature cysts

Trophozoites and cysts

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11
Q

FLASK SHAPED colon ulcers

A

Amebic colitis

Entamoeba

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12
Q

Anchovy sauce like aspirate

A

Amebic liver abscess

Most common extraintestinal form

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13
Q

Entamoeba
Treatment
Cyst carrier stage

A

Diloxanide furoate

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14
Q

Amebic colitis

Drug of choice

A

Metronidazole

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15
Q

Amebic liver abscess

Drug of choice

A

Metronidazole

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16
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

Giardia

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17
Q

Giardia
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Cysts

Trophozoites and cysts

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18
Q

Old man/grandfather’s facies

A

Giardia

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19
Q

DOC for Giardia

A

Metronidazole

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20
Q

Autoinfection in CD4<200

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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21
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

Infective and diagnostic stage

A

Thick walled oocysts

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22
Q

Ping pong transmission of a pear shaped flagellated trophozoite

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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23
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

Infective and diagnostic stage

A

Trophozoites

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24
Q

Strawberry cervix

Watery foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge accompanied by itching and burning

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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25
Q

Strawberry gallbladder

A

Cholesterolosis

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26
Q

Berry aneurysms

A

SAH
ADPKD
Coarctation of aorta

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27
Q

Mulberry tumor

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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28
Q

Grapelike vesicles

A

H mole

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29
Q

Grapelike bunches

A

Sarcoma botyroides

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30
Q

Cherry red spot in macula

A

CRAO
Tay Sachs
Niemann Pick

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31
Q

Cherry red pigment

A

S marcescens

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32
Q

Banana shaped gametocytes

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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33
Q

Banana shaped LV

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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34
Q

Orange peel skin

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

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35
Q

Pear shaped trophozoites

A

Trichomonas

Giardia

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36
Q

Pear shaped organ

A

Prostate gland

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37
Q

Protozoa of blood and tissue

A

Plasmodium
Toxoplasma gondii
Typanosoma

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38
Q

Protozoa of urogenital tract

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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39
Q

Anopheles
Culex
Aedes

A

Plasmodium
Japanese B virus
Dengue

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40
Q

Plasmodium
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Sporozoites

Trophozoites ring forms

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41
Q

Partial immunity seen in individuals who completely recover from falciparum malaria

A

Premonition

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42
Q

Plasmodium

72 hour asexual cycle

A

P malariae

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43
Q

Plasmodium
Malignant tertian
Benign quartan

A

Falciparum

Malariae

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44
Q

Plasmodium

Highest parasitemia

A

Falciparum

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45
Q

Plasmodium
Old RBCs
Young RBCs
All ages

A

Malariae
Vivax and ovale
Falciparum

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46
Q

No merozoites

A

Falciparum

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47
Q

Plasmodium

Causes cerebral malaria and drug resistance

A

Falciparum

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48
Q

Plasmodium
Causes recurrence of symptoms after temporary abatement
2-4 weeks

A

Recrudescence

Falciparum and malariae

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49
Q

Plasmodium

Return of disease after 1-6 months due to reaction of hypnozoites

A

Vivax and ovale

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50
Q

Punctate granulations in RBCs

A

Schuffner’s dots

Vivax and ovale

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51
Q

Coarse granulations in RBC

A

Maurer dots

Falciparum

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52
Q

Fine dots in RBC

A

Ziemann dots

Malariae

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53
Q

Durck granulomas

A

Cerebral malaria

Falciparum

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54
Q

Backwater fever

A

ARF

Falciparum

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55
Q

Septic shock

Malaria

A

Algid malaria

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56
Q

Malaria

High endemicity

A

Palawan
Agusan del sur
Kalinga Apayao
Ifugao

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57
Q

Malaria

Chloroquine resistance

A

Palawan
Davao del Norte
Compostela Valley

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58
Q 
DOC
Tissue schizonticide
Blood schizonticide
Hyponozoiticide
Gametocide
Sporontocide
A 
Primaquine
Chloroquine,quinine
Primaquine
Primaquine
Proguanil, pyrimethamine
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59
Q

DOC
Chloroquine resistant
Pregnant
MDR

A

Mefloquine + doxycycline
Quinine or quinidine
Doxycycline

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60
Q

Toxoplasma
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Fecal oocyst

Bradyzoites

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61
Q

Toxoplasma
Immunocompetent
ICC

A

Heterophil - mono

Encephalitis with ring enhancing lesions

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62
Q

Congenital toxoplasmosis

A

Intracranial calcifications

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63
Q

DOC for Toxoplasma

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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64
Q

Triatoma

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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65
Q

Glossina

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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66
Q

Trypanosoma
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes

Blood trypomastigotes

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67
Q

Most frequently and severely affected tissue by T cruzi

A

Heart

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68
Q

Xenodiagnosis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

Trichinella spiralis

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69
Q

T cruzi

Unilateral periorbital edema

A

Romana’s sign

Acute Chagas disease

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70
Q

T cruzi

Nodule near bite

A

Chagoma

Acute Chagas disease

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71
Q

Myocarditis
Megacolon
Megaesophagus (achalasia - auerbach)

A

Chronic Chagas

T cruzi

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72
Q

DOC for T cruzi

A

Nifurtimox

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73
Q

T brucei
Antigenic variation - cyclical fever spike 2 weeks
2 forms

A

Gambiense west

Rhodiense more fatal east

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74
Q

Indurated skin ulcer
Enlargement of posterior cervical LN
Hyperesthesia
Plasma cells with cytoplasmic Ig globules found in encephalitis

A 
Trypanosomal chancre
Winterbottom's sign
Kerandel's sign
Mott cells
T brucei
African sleeping sickness
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75
Q

DOC for West African sleeping sickness
Early
CNS

A

Pentamidine

Eflornithine

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76
Q

DOC for East African sleeping sickness
Early
CNS

A

Suramin

Melarsoprol

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77
Q

Most common cause of red tide in Phil

A

Pyrodinium bahamiense var compressum

Dinoflagellates

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78
Q

Bivalve mollusks

A

Dinoflagellates

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79
Q

Amebic keratitis from contact lenses

A

Acanthamorbs castellani

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80
Q

Swimming in contaminated pools

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri

81
Q

Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease

A

Balantidial dysentery

Balantidium coli

82
Q

Round based wide necked intestinal ulcers

Flask shaped ulcers

A

Balantidium

Amoeba

83
Q

Ixodes tick

A

Francisella
Babesia
Borrelia

84
Q

Maltese cross

A

Babesiosis

Babesia microti

85
Q

Phlebotomus

A

Leishmania

86
Q

Leishmania
Cutaneous
Visceral/kala-azar
Mucocutaneous

A

Tropica
Donovani
Braziliensis

87
Q

Leishmaniasis

DOC

A

Sodium stibogluconate

Antimony

88
Q

Diarrhea in ICC

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Isospora belli

89
Q

Cestode that affects the liver

A

Echinococcus granulosus

90
Q

DOC for Echinococcus granulosus

A

Albendazole

91
Q

DOC for Cestodes is _ except for _

A

Praziquantel

Echinococcus

92
Q

Taenia with rostellum

A

Taenia solium

93
Q

Taenia with more uterine branches

A

Taenia saginata

94
Q

What is the infective stage of Taenia?

Diagnostic stage?

A

Cysticerci for both and eggs for T solium

Gravid proglottids

95
Q

Neurocysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

96
Q

Worms in vitreous humor

A

Taenia solium

97
Q

DOC for Taenia

A

Praziquantel

98
Q

Operculated eggs

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

99
Q

Fish or broad tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

100
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Plerocercoid

Unembryonated egg

101
Q

D latum is associated with what vitamin deficiency?

A

B12

102
Q

Definite host: dog
Intermediate host: sheep/man
Infective stage
Definitive stage

A

Embryonated egg
Hydatid cysts
Echinococcus granulosus

103
Q

Puncture
Aspiration
Injection
Reaspiration

A

Echinococcus

104
Q

Echinococcus cyst rupture would cause

A

Anaphylaxis

105
Q

Honeycomb vesicles

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

106
Q

Polar filaments and six hooked larva

A

Hymnolepsis nana

107
Q

Most common tapeworm in developed countries

A

Hymenolepsis nana

108
Q

Ingestion of insects harboring eggs in RICE

A

Hymenolepsis diminuta

109
Q

Barrel shaped proglottids

A

Dipylidium canum

110
Q

Most common tapeworm of dogs and cats

A

Dipylidium canum

111
Q

All flat worms/trematodes are hermaphrodites except for

A

Schistosoma japonicum

112
Q

Intermediate host

Schistosoma

A

Oncomelania

113
Q

Schistosoma
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Cercariae

Eggs

114
Q

Diagnostic tests for Schistosoma

A

Kato katz

Curcumoval precipitin test

115
Q

Liver granulomas lead to presinusoidal obstruction

A

Schistosoma

116
Q

Swimmer’s itch

A

Schistosoma

Acute

117
Q

Katayama fever

A

Schistosoma

Acute

118
Q

Jacksonian/focal seizures

CLD

A

Schistosoma

Chronic

119
Q

Schistosoma

Endemic

A

Sorsogon Samar Leyte

Mindanao except misamis oriental

120
Q

All trematodes are treated with

A

Praziquantel

121
Q

Antemelania

A

Paragonimus

122
Q

Sundathelphusa philippina

A

Paragonimus

123
Q

Paragonimus
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Metacercariae

Unembryonated egg

124
Q

Diagnosis

Paragonimus

A

3% NaOH
Ovoid thinner opercular end
Thickened abopercular end

125
Q

Endemic hemoptysis

A

Paragonimus

126
Q

Ring shadow opacity on CXR

A

Paragonimus

127
Q

Cestodes

A 
Taenia
Echinococcus
Diphyllobothrium
Dipylidium
Hymenolepsis
128
Q

Trematodes

A 
Schistosoma
Paragonimus
Chlonorchis
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis
Heterophyes
129
Q

Parafossarulus

A

Clonorchis

130
Q

Cypirinidae

A

Clonorchis

131
Q

Clonorchis
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Metacercariae

Embryonated egg

132
Q

Diagnosis of Clonorchis

A

Direct fecal smear

Postassium permanganate stain: melon like ridges

133
Q

Klatskin tumor

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

Clonorchis

134
Q

Watercress

A

Fasciola hepatica

135
Q

Obstructive jaundice and painful pharyngitis

A

Halzoun

Fasciola

136
Q

Worm intoxication

A

Fasciolopsis

137
Q

Mimics PUD

A

Heterophyes

138
Q

Nematodes

A 
Intestines
Ascaris
Ancylostoma
Necator
Trichuris
Enterobius
Strongyloides
Capillaria

Tissue
Wuchereria
Brugia
Trichinella

139
Q

Most common and largest intestinal nematode

A

Ascaris

140
Q

Mongol pencil

A

Ascaris

141
Q

Ascaris
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Embryonated egg

Unembryonated/fertilized egg

142
Q

Chronic pediatric cough

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

Ascaris

143
Q

All trematodes are treated with albendazole except

A

Trichuris mebendazole
Trichinella thiabendazole

Enterobius pyrantel pamoate
Strongyloides ivermectin
Wuchereria and Brugia DEC

144
Q

Necator and Ancylostoma differentiated through

A

Buccal spears

145
Q

Necator and Ancylostoma
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Filariform larvae

Eggs

146
Q

Blood loss at the site of attachment of Necator and Ancylostoma causes

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

147
Q

Ground itch

Swimmer’s itch

A

Necator and ancylostoma
Strongyloides

Schistosoma

148
Q

Serpiginous tracks

A

Cutaneous larva migrans in Necator and Ancylostoma

Larva currens in Strongyloides

149
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris

150
Q

Trichuris
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Trichuris
Embryonated egg
Unembryonated egg

151
Q

Barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

Barrel shaped eggs

A

Trichuris

Dipylidium

152
Q

Chinese lantern

A

Trichuris

153
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris

154
Q

Pinworm

Seatworm

A

Enterobius

155
Q

Most common soil transmitted helminth in developed countries

Cosmopolitan worm

A

Enterobius

156
Q

Enterobius
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Embryonated eggs

Eggs on perianal folds

157
Q

Autoinfection

Hyperinfection

A

Enterobius

Strongyloides

158
Q

Graham’s scotch tape

D shaped eggs

A

Enterobius

159
Q

Pruritus ani

Oxyuriasis appendicitis

A

Enterobius

160
Q

Strongyloides
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Filariform

Rhabtidiform

161
Q

Diagnosis of Strongyloides

A

Harada-Mori culture

162
Q

Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird

A

Capillaria philippinensis

163
Q

Pudoc worm

A

Capillaria

164
Q

Capillaria
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Infective larvae

Unembryonated egg

165
Q

Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

Barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria

Trichuris

166
Q

Borborygmus

A

Capillaria

167
Q

Protein losing enteropathy

A

Capillaria

168
Q

Most debilitating nematode infection

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

169
Q

Two types of filariasis

A

Bancroftian wuchereria bancrofti

Malayan brugia malayi

170
Q

Farmer from abaca plantation

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

171
Q

Filariasis

Kinky

A

Brugia

172
Q

Filariasis

Terminal nuclei

A

Brugia

173
Q

Filariasis

SEA

A

Brugia

174
Q

Mosquito vectors of Wuchereria and Brugia

A

Culex Aedes Anopheles

Mansonia

175
Q

Lymphatic preference of Wuchereria and Brugia

A

Scrotal hydrocoele

Limb elephantiasis

176
Q

Filariasis

More severe

A

Wuchereria

177
Q

Nocturnal periodicity

A

Samples between 8 pm and 4 am

Wuchereria and Brugia

178
Q

Expatriate syndrome

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

179
Q

Nocturnal wheezing

Small epithelioid granulomas

A

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Meyers Kouvenaar bodies
Wuchereria and Brugia

180
Q

Wuchereria and Brugia
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Third stage larvae

Microfilariasis

181
Q

Bancroftan filariasis
Malayan filariasis
Endemicity

A

Sorsogon, Samar, Leyte, Palawan

Eastern Samar

182
Q

Diagnostic of choice for Trichinella

A

Muscle biopsy

183
Q

Trichinella
Infective stage
Diagnostic stage

A

Encysted larvae

184
Q

Dermal nodules
Hanging groin
Lizard skin
River blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

Simulium

185
Q

Mazzoti reaction

A

Echinococcus

Onchocerca

186
Q

Subcutaneous edema

Worm crawling across conjunctiva

A

Loa loa

Chrysops

187
Q

Live worm in skin ulcer

A

Dranunculus medinensis

188
Q

Ocular larva migrans

Visceral larv migrans

A

Toxocara canis

189
Q

Most common cause of parasitic eosinophilic meningitis

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

190
Q

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Raw seafood

A

Anisakis simplex

191
Q

Pumpkin seed like proglottids

A

Dypilidium caninum

192
Q

Lemon shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

A

Trichuris truchiura

193
Q

Pila luzonica

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

194
Q

Daytime collection of microfilariae

A

Loa loa

Onchocerca volvulus

195
Q

Subcutaneous nodule is the usual manifestation among these nematodes

A

Trichinella spiralis
Cysticercus cellulosae (larval form of T solium)
Onchocerca volvulus

196
Q

Bull’s eye karyosome

A

Entamoeba histolytica

197
Q

Secondary exo erythrocytic phase

A

Benign tertian malaria

Vivax ovale

198
Q

Benign quartan malaria

A

P malariae

199
Q

Cutaneous larvae migrans

Creeping eruptions

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

200
Q

Visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara canis

Microbiology (5 decks)

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