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632 exam 2 > Parenting > Flashcards

Parenting Flashcards

1
Q

Parenting style

A
  • Typologies of parenting

* Emotional climate in which parents raise children

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2
Q

parenting PRACTICES

A

• Actual specific behaviors parents engage in to socialize their children

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3
Q

• Styles differ based on:

A

– The amount of warmth and control demonstrated by the parent
OR
– Balance between responsiveness and demandingness

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4
Q

3 Common Styles

A
  • Authoritative
  • Authoritarian
  • Permissive
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5
Q

authoritative

A
  • Parents warm and responsive while also having high maturity demands and firm limits.
  • Example: encouraging interests, providing affect, having curfews, providing explanations for decisions, and following through with consequences
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6
Q

Authoritarian

A

• Not warm or responsiveness
– Do not praise/support – it is what is expected

• Very high maturity demands
– Do not tolerate misbehavior
– Expect constant obedience

• Lack of communication/explanation:
– “Because I said so”

• e.g., Focus on discipline not any positives

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7
Q

Permissive

A

• Moderate levels of responsiveness

• Problem lies with lack of expectations and limits
– Dismissive of child
– High tolerance for misbehavior

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8
Q

• Both ? and ?parenting styles have been associated with negative adjustment outcomes such as substance use, school misbehavior, and delinquency

A

authoritarian and permissive parenting styles

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9
Q

parenting associated with risk for readmission to a psychiatric inpatient unit for children and internalizing symptoms

A

pessimisive

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10
Q

? parenting has been linked to positive adjustment:

A

• Authoritative

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11
Q

Lower rates of substance use
– Lower rates of risky sexual behavior
– Less aggression and school misbehavior
– Delayed onset in the age of engaging in ones first delinquent activities
– High academic achievement

A

Authoritative

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12
Q

most effective parenting stradegy

A

time-out

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13
Q

early intervention is an important

A

to parenting

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14
Q

Christopher and spear

A

indicates that parental involvement and monitoring are robust
predictors of adolescent achievement.authoritative parenting styles are often
associated with higher levels of student achievement

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15
Q

zoccolillo

A

girls with conduct disorder turn out to be bad parents. longitudinal studies

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16
Q

Age Related Issues in Parenting

A. Needs to be developmentally appropriate

A

Some strategies are only useful at certain ages

  • Some parenting characteristics are important at all ages, but may look different at different ages
  • Examples: limit setting, consistency, effective communication
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17
Q

Age related changes in parenting

A

Physical punishment no longer possible/appropriate for teens

	- Monitoring decreases from 4th to 8th grades
	- Positive reinforcement decreases as children age into adolescence - Time out ceases in early to mid childhood and removal of privileges becomes more effective
	- Parental involvement decreases in late childhood
	- Communication tends to improve as children age and verbal skills develop.
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18
Q

Gender Related Issues in Parenting

A. Parents parent boys and girls differently

A

Not clear exactly why parenting needs to be different for boys and girls

  • May be that parents feel boys and girls need to be parented differently due to differing expectations
    - Parents react more softly/harshly to behavior from one gender
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19
Q

Same parenting has different effects on boys and girls

A

Life and socialization processes differ for genders

	- May be hormonal differences
	- May be view of same vs. opposite sex parent - May be in combination with other factors: neighborhood, other family factors, child characteristics, peers
20
Q

Coercive Parenting

A

McFadyen-Ketchum found that coercive parenting and lack of affection resulted in:
–Increased aggression for boys
–Decreases in aggression for girls

21
Q

Controlling parenting

A

Crick and colleagues found that father behavioral and psychological control results in both physical and relational aggression for girls but not for boys

22
Q

Physical abuse

A

Lansford and colleagues found that physical abuse was a risk factor for adolescent substance use for girls but not boys

23
Q

Maternal anger:

A

Maternal anger: Cole and colleagues found that maternal anger resulted in increased conduct problems for boys but not girls

24
Q

Maternal Depression Associated with:

A 
•	Less effective parenting
–	unresponsiveness 
–	inattentiveness 
–	intrusiveness
–	inept discipline
–	negative perceptions of children
25
Q

Child Problem Behavior depressed parents

A
  • Attention problems
  • Poor self-control
  • Difficulty forming peer relationships
  • Depressive symptoms and behaviors
  • Less cooperative
  • More aggressive
  • Less verbal comprehension
26
Q

alcoholic parent risk

A 
•	Poor academic achievement
•	Cognitive deficits
•	Internalizing symptoms
–	Depression
–	Anxiety
–	Negative self-image
27
Q

Age Related Issues in Parenting

A. Needs to be developmentally appropriate

A

Some strategies are only useful at certain ages

  • Some parenting characteristics are important at all ages, but may look different at different ages
  • Examples: limit setting, consistency, effective communication
28
Q

Age related changes in parenting

A

Physical punishment no longer possible/appropriate for teens

	- Monitoring decreases from 4th to 8th grades
	- Positive reinforcement decreases as children age into adolescence - Time out ceases in early to mid childhood and removal of privileges becomes more effective
	- Parental involvement decreases in late childhood
	- Communication tends to improve as children age and verbal skills develop.
29
Q

Gender Related Issues in Parenting

A. Parents parent boys and girls differently

A

Not clear exactly why parenting needs to be different for boys and girls

  • May be that parents feel boys and girls need to be parented differently due to differing expectations
    - Parents react more softly/harshly to behavior from one gender
30
Q

Same parenting has different effects on boys and girls

A

Life and socialization processes differ for genders

	- May be hormonal differences
	- May be view of same vs. opposite sex parent - May be in combination with other factors: neighborhood, other family factors, child characteristics, peers
31
Q

Coercive Parenting

A

McFadyen-Ketchum found that coercive parenting and lack of affection resulted in:
–Increased aggression for boys
–Decreases in aggression for girls

32
Q

Controlling parenting

A

Crick and colleagues found that father behavioral and psychological control results in both physical and relational aggression for girls but not for boys

33
Q

Physical abuse

A

Lansford and colleagues found that physical abuse was a risk factor for adolescent substance use for girls but not boys

34
Q

Maternal anger:

A

Maternal anger: Cole and colleagues found that maternal anger resulted in increased conduct problems for boys but not girls

35
Q

Maternal Depression Associated with:

A 
•	Less effective parenting
–	unresponsiveness 
–	inattentiveness 
–	intrusiveness
–	inept discipline
–	negative perceptions of children
36
Q

Child Problem Behavior depressed parents

A
  • Attention problems
  • Poor self-control
  • Difficulty forming peer relationships
  • Depressive symptoms and behaviors
  • Less cooperative
  • More aggressive
  • Less verbal comprehension
37
Q

alcoholic parent risk

A 
•	Poor academic achievement
•	Cognitive deficits
•	Internalizing symptoms
–	Depression
–	Anxiety
–	Negative self-image
38
Q

Behavioral Parent Training

A

 Adapting and adjusting parenting behavior to work for difficult child,  Teach parents to be the therapist to their child

39
Q

Social Learning Theory:

A

 Behavior is a pattern of learned responses to contingencies
 Modeling
 Direct Instruction
 Consequences

40
Q

Behavioral Parent Training

 A techniques

A 
techniques
	Household rules
	Routine
	Vocalizing expectations
	Giving effective commands
41
Q

 C techniques

A

 Reward positive behavior

 Effective non-physical discipline strategies

42
Q

Common BPT Programs

A 
	Troubled Families
	Patterson’s Model
	Incredible Years
	Webster-Stratton
	Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
	Eyberg
	Triple P – Positive Parenting Program
	Australian Program
43
Q

Treatment Effectiveness

A

 Found to help reduce:

 Child noncompliance

 Conduct problems and aggressive behavior

 Symptoms of ADHD

44
Q

Treatment Effectiveness Specifics

A

 Increases in parent positive affect such as praise and reduced use of criticism and negative commands.

 Increases in parent use of effective limit-setting by replacing spanking and harsh discipline with non-violent discipline techniques and increased monitoring of children.

 Reductions in parental depression and increases in parental self-confidence.

45
Q

Treatment Effectiveness (cont’d)

A

 Increases in positive family communication and problem-solving.

 Reduced conduct problems in children’s interactions with parents

 Increases in their positive affect and compliance to parental commands.

46
Q 
	Parental Resistance to Treatment
Impact of Client Resistance on Treatment Outcome for Behavioral Parent Training
Mackenzie, Fite, & Bates
2004
Resistance
Findings
A

 The more resistant the parents were, the less the child’s behavior improved

 High SES and 2-parent families were more resistant than lower SES and single parent families

47
Q

Common Challenges that Arise in Treatment with Parents

A

 Parent resistant to treatment

 Environmental Stressors

 Parents think you can do more than you can

 Internalizing symptoms not recognized/valued

 Parents’ own psychological and substance problems

632 exam 2 (1 decks)

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