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Maatschappijleer > Parliamentary democracy > Flashcards

Parliamentary democracy Flashcards

1
Q

What is government?

A

The way a country is governed

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2
Q

What is the difference between efficient administration and maximum participation?

A

If you want as many people to vote as possible. Or as fast and easy as possible.

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3
Q

What is direct and indirect democracy?

A

In a direct democracy citizens vote for a specific bill.

In a indirect democracy citizens vote for representatives who vote for bills.

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4
Q

What are some advantages to a representative democracy?

A
  • It prevents society to need to vote for every single bill

- Different political organs can check each other (trias politica)

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5
Q

What does the constitution describe?

A
  • the tasks of 3 powers
  • explains political constitutional rights
  • rules for political decision-making
  • that the media are free and the government has the responsibility to provide correct information
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6
Q

What is a parliamentary democracy?

A

A political system where the parliament is in power.

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7
Q

What are direct and indirect elections?

A

By direct elections citizens vote for a specific representative.
By indirect elections citizens vote for provincial state elections, who vote for the 1st chamber, who you don’t directly know and vote for as a citizen.

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8
Q

What is the difference between (in)direct democracy and elections?

A

(In)direct democracy circles around specific bills, whether we as citizens vote for a specific bill or whether our representatives do so.
While (in)direct elections is about the representatives themselves. Whether you vote for someone specific of indirectly vote for someone.

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9
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

Countries with a king/queen, whose power is limited by the constitution.

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10
Q

What are some feature of the presidential system?

A

The population votes for parliament and the president.
He is the head of state and can appoint and dismiss ministers.
However he doesn’t have the power to dismiss the parliament.

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11
Q

What are the three dictator styles? Explain them too.

A

Totalitarian - ideology that revolves around political, economic and social aspects of life. Indoctrination is normal. (North-Korea)

Theocracy - religion is the state ideology and the basis for all legislation (Iran)

Autocratic - One leading figure > a military officer or a democratically elected president who turned into a dictator over time (Myanmar)

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12
Q

Name some features of a dictator?

A
  • individual freedom is restricted
  • there is no political freedom
  • very often there is institutional violence
  • no independent judiciary
  • the mass media and the art world are censored by the government
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13
Q

What is an ideology?

A

A body of related ideas about man and the way society should function.

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14
Q

What are some of the things an ideology has standpoints about?

A
  • values and norms
  • socio-economic relationships
  • the desired division of power
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15
Q

What are the three ideological movements?

A

Liberalism, socialism and denominationalism

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16
Q

What is the difference between reactionary and conservative?

A

Conservative is more about keeping laws and things the same as the present.
While reactionary is about trying to get it back to the way things once were (very right-wing).

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17
Q

What is the most important value within Liberalism?

A

Freedom > it is all about personal freedom

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18
Q

When did liberalism start?

A

During the 18th century, during the French revolution.

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19
Q

What role does the government play in liberalism?

A

Passive

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20
Q

What are some economic values of liberalism?

A
  • less rules
  • free market economy
  • lower taxes
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21
Q

What are the most important values within socialism?

A

Solidarity and equality > fair division of knowledge, income and power

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22
Q

When did socialism start?

A

During the 19th century, a reaction to the poor working conditions of labourers.

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23
Q

Which two groups were there within socialism?

A

The communists - they wanted labourers to take power through revolution
The social democrats - they wanted to achieve social improvements constitutionally

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24
Q

What is the current standpoint of social democrats?

A

The free market economy is desired, but within an extensive welfare state.

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25
Q

What is the most important value within denominationalism?

A

Christian value > people should take care of each other, solidarity

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26
Q

Name some examples of liberalist parties.

A

VVD, D66 and GL

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27
Q

Name some example of socialist parties.

A

SP, GL, PvdA and PvdD

28
Q

Name some examples of denomination parties.

A

SGP, CDA and CU

29
Q

What is populism?

A

A style of conducting politics NOT an ideology.

30
Q

What are some characteristics of a populist party.

A
  • States that is speaks on behalf of all people
  • Dislikes the established politicians/politics
  • Not based on an ideology
  • Frequently nationalist standpoints
31
Q

Name the ‘lijsttrekker’ with all of these parties.

  • Christen Unie
  • FvD
  • Volt
  • Denk
  • PvvD
  • CDA
  • SGP
  • BIJ1
  • VVD
  • D66
  • PVV
  • GL
  • SP
  • PvdA
  • BBB
A
  • Christen Unie - Gert Jan Segers
  • FvD - Thierry Baudet
  • Volt - Laurens Dassens
  • Denk - Farid Azarkan
  • PvvD - Esther Ouwehand
  • CDA - Wopke Hoekstra
  • SGP - Kees van der Staaij
  • BIJ1 - Sylvana Simons
  • VVD - Mark Rutte
  • D66 - Sigrid Kaag
  • PVV - Geert Wilders
  • GL - Jesse Klaver
  • SP - Lilian Marijnissen
  • PvdA - Lilianne Ploumen
  • BBB - Caroline van der Plas
32
Q

Name some differences between political parties and actions groups/lobbyists.

A

P - have ideas about society as a whole > have ideas on one specific subject

Weigh up the interests of different groups > defend the interests of one particular group

Wants to have political power and government responsibility > wants to have political influence but no government responsibility

Takes part in elections > don’t take part in elections

Are represented in political parties > are usually represented in advisory bodies

33
Q

What is an action group? Name an example.

A

They are focused on one goal.

E.g. wakkerdier or prolife.

34
Q

What are lobbyists? Name an example.

A

They focus on the interests of a specific social group.

E.g. ANWB.

35
Q

What are one-issue parties, and what are protest parties?

A

One-issue parties focus on one aspect of society, like PvdD.

Protest parties are set up because of their dissatisfaction, like FvD.

36
Q

What are the four functions of political parties?

A
  1. Integration of ideas > views are collected so that political programme can be shaped.
  2. Spreading information > informing citizens on societal issues and how to solve them.
  3. Stimulating participation > involving and stimulating citizens to participate.
  4. Selection of candidates > gaining experiences in local councils is useful for both candidates and political parties to select candidates.
37
Q

What are swing/floating voters, and since when did they significantly increase?

A

A voter who isn’t consistent with their vote, and often decides last moment.
Since the de-pillarisation and indivualisation there are less loyal voters.

38
Q

What is the result of having lesser people in the parliament?

A

A decrease in financial contributions and to the detriment of the selection function.
> worse representation in the House of Representatives

39
Q

Why can’t members of parliament vote for whatever party they want?

A

Because of fractiediscipline.

It is important to follow the political party and/or agreements that were made with the coalition agreement.

40
Q

Which 2 kind of voting rights are there?

A

The active voting right, being able to vote from the age of 18.
The passive voting right, being able to be electable from the age of 18.

41
Q

What are spindoctors?

A

Communicatiedeskundigen die kandidaten adviseren over een zo positief mogelijk imago.

42
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

The percentage of votes a party gets, equals the percentage of seats in the House of Representatives a party gets.

43
Q

What is quota, and how is it calculated in the nl?

A

The number of votes you need to win one seat.

Number of votes cast/number of seats.

44
Q

What are some advantages to proportional representation?

A
  • votes aren’t lost
  • politics represents the diversity of Dutch society
  • the power isn’t held together by one political party
  • new parties are better able to start in parliament
45
Q

What are some disadvantages to proportional representation?

A
  • political parties are forced to form coalitions and make compromises. Delivering on all promises is therefore not possible.
  • political parties are less decisive
46
Q

What is the district system?

A

The one representative that gains the majority of the district wins.

47
Q

What is the advantage to the district system?

A

Representatives have a strong bond with their region.

48
Q

What is the disadvantage to the district system?

A

Votes of the other loosing candidates are lost/pointless.

49
Q

What is an election treshold?

A

You need a certain percentage of votes to gain seats in parliament

50
Q

Which countries have an election treshold, does the nl have it?

A

E.g. Germany and Belgium, both 5%.

The nl doesn’t have one, an unofficial one of 0.667%.

51
Q

Which two fases are there within the formation of a coalition?

A

The investigation period > An informateur investigates which parties are willing to work together. Both make compromises and this is put in the coalition agreement.

The formation phase > The formateur seeks suitable candidates for the positions of the ministers and secretaries of state.

52
Q

What are some of the important (annual) political events?

A
  • Coalition agreement
  • Monarch’s speech
  • Budget presentation
  • General debate
53
Q

What is the interim budget report?

A

Presented on the 3rd Wednesday of May. (Financial) account of the budget presentation. Was the government successful at meeting its financial and policy goals?

54
Q

What happens when the members of parliament disagree structurally?

A

There are early elections.

There is an outgoing cabinet - cabinet without mission (demissionair kabinet)

55
Q

Who are the government, and who are the cabinet?

A

Government exists of the king and ministers.

The cabinet exists of ministers and secretaries of state.

56
Q

Who checks who in the trias politica?

A

Both legislative and judicial check executive. Executive is accountable for legislative.

57
Q

What is the difference between ministers voor and minister van?

A

Van - has a ministry

Voor - is part of a ministry - focuses on a specific goal

58
Q

What does it mean that the king is invioble?

A

The cabinet is responsible for the behaviour of the royal family

59
Q

What is political responsibility?

A

The cabinet is responsible for the content and execution of laws. This also implies responsibility for the work of their civil servants and former ministers of their department.

60
Q

What are the co-legislative rights of parliament?

A

Voting rights > vote to adapt/reject bills

Budgetary rights > approve, reject or amend the national budget which is submitted by the government

Right of initiative > the right to submit bills themselves

Right of amendment > right to amend bills and only pass them once changes are made

61
Q

Do both chambers have all co-legislative rights?

A

The second chamber has all of the rights. The first chamber only has the voting rights.

62
Q

What two important tasks doe the government fulfill?

A
  • it is a co-legislator (makes and approves bills)

- keeps a check on the government (ministers)

63
Q

What are the rights of the parliament, to keep a check on the government (ministers)?

A

The right to question > kamerleden mogen schriftelijk of in de kamer vragen stellen aan he kabinet

The right of interpellation > kamerleden mogen een ministers met spoed naar de tweede kamer laten komen

The right of enquiry > kamerleden mogen een onderzoek starten naar een onderdeel van het regeringsbeleid

Right of motion > door het aannemen van een motie verzoekt de kamer een minister om haar beleid te veranderen

Motion of censure > de kamer keurt het beleid van de minister af

Motion of no confidence > de kamer zegt het wantrouwen in een minister op

64
Q

What is dualism?

A

Dualism implies that there’s a clear division of tasks between legislative (parliament) and executive (government) powers. The role of the parliament is to keep ministers in check.

If a minister would be part of parliament, (s)he would check her-/himself.

65
Q

What are the coalition fractions?

A

VVD, D66, CDA and CU

66
Q

What are the opposition fractions?

A

All the parties that are not part of the coalition.

67
Q

Name some examples of populist parties.

A

PVV and Trump

Maatschappijleer (4 decks)

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