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Pharmacology > Parm Ch 7 > Flashcards

Parm Ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphylactic Reactions

A

Unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction

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2
Q

Angioedema

A

Localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be caused by an allergic response.

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3
Q

Bacterial Resistance

A

Phenomenon by which a bacteria-produced substance inactivates or destroys an antibiotic drug

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4
Q

Beta-lactation (β-lactam) ring

A

Portion of the penicillin drug molecule that can break a bacterial cell wall

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5
Q

Cross-sensitivity

A

Allergy to drugs in the same or related groups.

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6
Q

Culture and Sensitivity Test

A

Culture of bacteria to determine to which antibiotic the microorganism is sensitive

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7
Q

Glossitis

A

Inflammation of the tongue

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8
Q

Malaise

A

Discomfort, uneasiness

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9
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A

Bacterium that is resistant to methicillin

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10
Q

Nephrotoxicity

A

Damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance

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11
Q

Otitis Media

A

Infection of the middle ear

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12
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease-producing microorganisms

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13
Q

Penicillinase

A

Enzyme produced by bacteria that deactivates penicillin

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14
Q

Perioperative

A

Pertaining to the pre operative, intraoperative, or postoperative

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15
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

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16
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Prevention

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17
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Severe, life-threatening form of diarrhea that occurs when normal flora of the bowel is eliminated and replaced with Colstridium Difficile (C. Diff) bacteria

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18
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

A

Fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, headache, and lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes; the lesions appear as red whales or blisters, often starting on the face, in the mouth, or on the lips, neck, and extremities.

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19
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of a cavity opening, such as the oral cavity

20
Q

Synthesis

A

Combining or growing a number of different parts to make a new item

21
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with clot formation

22
Q

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Vancomycin all effect the cell how?

A

By weakening the bacterial cell wall (disrupt cell wall synthesis)

23
Q

Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to?

A

Penicillins

24
Q

Cephalosporins and Penicillins are?

A

Cousins

25
Q

The right drug for the right BUG
WHat is the name of the lab test ordered?

A

Culture and sensitivity

26
Q

Explain with this test is all about (Culture and sensitivity)

A

A culture is used to identify the pathogen. A sensitivity is used to identify which antibiotic will best treat the infection.

27
Q

Define resistance

A

The development or ability to withstand the previously destructive effect of a drug by microorganism or tumor cells

28
Q

What is MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus Aureus
Known as a major nosocomial pathogen that has also develop resistance to antibiotic. Resistant to certain antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin and oxacillin.

29
Q

What is VRE

A

Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci
Enterococcus germs can become resistance to vancomycin and therefore are not killed.

30
Q

What are penicillins used for?

A

Used to treat infections caused by bacteria, they work by killing their bacteria or preventing the growth

31
Q

List the 4 groups of Penicillin’s

A
  1. Natural
  2. Penicillinase-resistant
  3. Amino penicillins
  4. Extended-spectrum
32
Q

Do all Penicillins end in -cillin?

A

NO

33
Q

3 penicillins not ending with -cillin

A
  1. Amoxil —-Amoxicillin
  2. Augmentin ——Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
  3. Zosyn ——-Piperacillin / Tazobactam
34
Q

PCN uses (7)

A
  1. UTI
  2. Septicemia
  3. Meningitis
  4. Intra-abdominal infections
  5. Syphilis
  6. Pneumonia
  7. Soft tissue infections and injuries
35
Q

Define Prophylaxis for infections

A

Prevention against a potential secondary bacterial infection that can occur in a client with a viral infection

36
Q

Penicillin Adverse Reactions (9)

A
  1. Glossitis
  2. Stomatitis
  3. Gastritis
  4. Nausea
  5. Vomiting
  6. Diarrhea
  7. Abdominal pain
  8. Dyspnea
  9. Flushing
37
Q

Signs and symptoms of PCN anaphylactic shock

A

Severe hypertension
Loss of consciousness
Acute respiratory distress

38
Q

PCN interactions

A

Oral contraceptives- decrease contraceptive effectiveness
Tetracyclines- decreases PCN effectiveness
Anticoagulants- Increases bleeding risk
Beta-adrenergic blocking-may increase the risk for an anaphylactic reaction

39
Q

First Gen Cephalosporins (3)

A
  1. Cefadroxil—-Duricef
  2. Cefazolin—-Ancef or Kefzol
  3. Cephalexin——Daxbia or Keflex
40
Q

Second Gen Cephalosporins (5)

A
  1. Cefaclor——Ceclor and Raniclor
  2. Cefotetan—-Apatef and Cefotan
  3. Cefoxitin—- Mefoxin
  4. Cefprozil—- Cefzil
  5. Cefuroxime—- Zinacef
41
Q

Third Gen Cephalosporins (7)

A
  1. Cefdinir——omnicef
  2. Cefditoren—-Spectracef
  3. Cefixime—-Surprax
  4. Cefotaxime—- Calforan
  5. Cefpodoxime—-Vantin
  6. Ceftazidime—-Tazicef or Avycaz
  7. Ceftriaxone—-Rocephin
42
Q

Fourth Gen Cephalosporins (1)

A
  1. Cefepime—-Maxipime
43
Q

Actions of Cephalosporins

A

Have a beta-lactation ring and target the bacteria cell wall, making it defective and unstable.

44
Q

Cephalosporins Uses (4)

A
  1. Respiratory infections
  2. Otitis media (ear infection)
  3. Bone/Joint infections
  4. Complicated intro-abdominal or genitourinary tract infection
45
Q

Cephalosporins Adverse Reactions

A

GI- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Other- Headache, dizziness, Malaise, Heartburn, fever, Nephrotoxicity, SJS, Aplastic anemia, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Positive direct combs test.

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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