part 2.a Flashcards
to search or investigate comprehensively. (Webster)
It is a careful or diligent search, studious inquiry or
examination especially investigation or
experimentation aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories
or laws, it can be the collection of information about
a particular subject.
research
Ethical Standards in Doing Research
(Adapted from Responsible Conduct of Research
[2009] by Adil E. Shamoo and David Resnik)
Strive for —– in all scientific
communications. —– report data, results,
methods and procedure, and publication status.
Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do
not mislead colleagues, granting agencies, or the
public.
honesty
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data
analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel
decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other
aspects of research where objectivity is expected or
required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception.
Disclose personal or financial interests that may affect
research.
objectivity
Keep your promises and agreements. Act with sincerity. Strive for consistency of thought and action.
integrity
Avoid careless errors and negligence. Carefully and
critically examine your own work and the work of
your peers. Keep good records of research
activities, such as data collection, research design,
and correspondence with agencies or journals.
carefulness
Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
openness
Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data,
methods, or results without permission. Give credit
where credit is due. Give proper achnowledgement
or credit for all contributions to research. Never
plagiarize.
Respect for Intellectual Property
Protect confidential communications, such papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets and patient records.
Confidentiality
Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
Responsible Publication
Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly.
Respect for Colleagues
Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education,
and advocacy.
Social Responsibility
Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, or other factors
that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
Non-Discrimination
Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong educational and learning. Take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
Competence
Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.
Legality
