Part 6.2

Question 1

Niacin deficiency

Answer 1

4 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia and death

Caused more deaths in US than any other nutrient deficiency (common in southern US with high corn intake and low diet diversity)
- also low in Trp which is a precursor for B3 synth

Question 2

Niacin functions, sources

Answer 2

B3 for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD(P) is synthesized from niacin

Sources: diet or synthesis from Trp (requires B6)
- Hominy = corn treated with alkali to make niacin more bioavailable
- complementary protein intake: corn (low Lys/Trp, high sulfur AA) and beans (low sulfur AA, high Lys/Trp)

Question 3

Coenzyme A function and synthesis

Answer 3

Function: Acyl carrier and coenzyme

Synthesis: pantothenic acid (B5) + cysteine + ATP

Question 4

Coenzyme Q10 function and synthesis

Answer 4

AKA Ubiquinone
Function: electron carrier in ETC

Synthesis: Phe or Tyr + acetyl coA

CoQ10 reduced by statins

Question 5

Tyrosine as a precursor for

Answer 5

Thyroxine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, melanin

Question 6

Tryptophan as a precursor for

Answer 6

serotonin

Question 7

Glutamate and glutamine as precursors for

Answer 7

fuel for intestinal cells and lymphocyte proliferation

Question 8

Essential functions of arginine

Answer 8

Ammonia detoxification - what is affected when Arg is deficient
Polyamine synthesis
Nitric oxide
Creatine
Protein synthesis