Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride #2

Question 1

How long are METARS valid for?

Answer 1

They are valid hourly, (special METAR can be issued if something drastic changes)

Question 2

When are METARS issued?

Answer 2

55 minutes past the hour.

Question 3

What does a TAF stand for?

Answer 3

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast

Question 4

How long is a TAF valid for?

Answer 4

Usually 24 hours (it can change)

Question 5

When are TAFS issued?

Answer 5

4 times daily.

Question 6

When are PIREPS issued?

Answer 6

issued by pilot, best for icing, turbulence, etc. because it’s actual weather in the sky.

Question 7

What is Prognostic chart?

Answer 7

issued 4 times daily, and provides 12/24 forecast for region. Used only in flight planning when flying below 24,000 feet.
- 4 times daily
- under 24,000 feet

Question 8

What is surface analysis chart?

Answer 8

depicts weather as they were a few hours earlier. Gives picture of frontal movements and high/low pressure systems.

Question 9

What is a weather depiction chart?

Answer 9

chart based on METAR reports, updated every 3 hours. Only valid at the time it is issued.

Question 10

What is the difference between AIRMET, SIGMET, and Convective SIGMET?

Answer 10

Airmet are for sever conditions for smaller aircraft.
Sigmet have severe conditions for all aircraft
convective airmet contain severe turbulence, icing, and low-level wind sheer

Question 11

What are the 3 types of AIRMETS

Answer 11

Airmet T winds greater than 30kts
Airmet S IFR conditions or Mountain obscuration
Airmet Z Icing conditions

Question 12

Define the term “ceiling”

Answer 12

Lowest broken or overcast layer of clouds.

Question 13

What is worse a sigmet or airmet?

Answer 13

Sigmet.

Question 14

What 4 forces are always acting on an airplane

Answer 14

1. lift
2. weight
3. thrust
4. drag

Question 15

What is angle of attack

Answer 15

The acute angle between chord line of air foil and direction of the air that strikes that wing.

Question 16

What is relative wind?

Answer 16

direction of airflow with respect to air foil.

Question 17

What is bernouli’s principle

Answer 17

Main principle which explains how lift is created. pressure of fluid is proportional to it’s velocity. Airstream has been sped up above the airfoil compared to below the airfoil.

Question 18

What is a stall?

Answer 18

Sudden loss of lift. When angle of attack increases to a point to undo the pressue change needed.

Question 19

What factors affect stall speed?

Answer 19

Weight and center of gravity. AFT CG less stable, higher cruise speed, lower stall speed. Forward CG more stable, slower cruise speed, high stall speed.

Question 20

What is P Factor?

Answer 20

The reason I need right rudder when I climb. It’s the wind from the propeller which pulls to the left. The propeller takes a larger bite of air on the downward stroke.

Question 21

What are the 2 types of drag?

Answer 21

Parasite drag and induced drag

Question 22

What is load factor?

Answer 22

The load the wings are supporting, divided by weight of airplane. Usually expressed in G’s.

Question 23

What affect does an increase in load factor on stall speed?

Answer 23

Heavily loaded airplane has higher stall speed. Needs a higher angle of attack to maintain lift.

Question 24

VA

Answer 24

The speed at which abrupt changes in flight won’t overstress the plane.

Question 25

What causes a spin?

Answer 25

An aggregated stall, specifically from the rudder.

Question 26

When are spins most likely to occur?

Question 27

Define ground effect?

Answer 27

reduction of induced drag due to interference of the airflow around the wing by the ground/water.

Question 28

What is adverse Yaw?

Answer 28

when the nose of the aircraft turns away from the intended direction of the turn.

Question 29

Define standard empty weight

Answer 29

the weight of airframe and engine with standard equipment installed. unusable fuel and oil

Question 30

optional and extra equipment

Answer 30

whatever isn’t included as standard empty weight.

Question 31

What is basic empty weight?

Answer 31

weight with all optional equipment included.

Question 32

Useful load

Answer 32

The difference between the gross takeoff weight and basic weight empty. usable fuel, pilot, passengers, baggage

Question 33

Payload

Answer 33

The load available as passengers, freight, etc. (deducting pilot, crew, and fuel)

Question 34

What are the types of altitude? (aside from indicated altitude)

Answer 34

Indicated altitude, what the altimeter says
Calibrated Altitude
True altitude above sea level
Absolute altitude above the ground
Pressure altitude
Density altitude, what it feels it’s at (pressure altitude adjusted for temp)

Question 35

What impacts density altitude

Answer 35

1. humidity
2. temperature
3. elevation