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Maternal Midterms (Lec) > Passage and Power > Flashcards

Passage and Power Flashcards

1
Q

any hallow body organ when stretched to capacity will necessarily contract and empty.

A

A. Uterine Stretch Theory

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2
Q

labor, being considered a stressful event, stimulates the hypophysis to produce oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin causes contraction of the smooth muscles of the body, e.g., uterine muscles.

A

B. Oxytocin theory

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3
Q

progesterone, being the hormone designed to promote pregnancy, is believed to inhibit uterine motility. Thus, if its amount decreases, labor pains occur.

A

C. Progesterone Deprivation theory

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4
Q

initiation of labor is said to result from the release of arachidonic acid produced by steroid action on lipid precursors.

A

D. Prostaglandin theory

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5
Q

causes contraction of the smooth muscles of the body, e.g., uterine muscles.

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

is said to increase prostaglandin synthesis which, in turn, causes uterine contractions.

A

Arachidonic acid

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7
Q

because of the decrease in blood supply, the uterus contracts.

A

E. Theory of Aging of placenta

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8
Q

ESSENTIAL FACTORS OF LABOR (5Ps)

A
  1. Passages
  2. Power
  3. Passenger
  4. Person
  5. Position
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9
Q

PASSAGES
FUNCTIONS

A

(Sit Sit)
○ Serves as birth canal
○ It proves attachment to muscles, fascia, and ligaments
○ Supports uterus during pregnancy
○ It provides protection to the organs found within the pelvic cavity

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10
Q

– “provide and direct”

A

False pelvis

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11
Q

“the tunnel”

A

True pelvis

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12
Q

– entrance to true pelvis

A

 Inlet or Pelvic Brim

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13
Q

midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower margin of symphysis pubis

A

 Diagonal Conjugate

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14
Q

 Diagonal Conjugate cm

A

12.5 cm)

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15
Q

midpoint of sacral promontory to the midline of symphysis pubis

A

 Obstetric Conjugate

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16
Q

 Obstetric Conjugate cm

A

(11 cm)

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17
Q

midpoint of sacral promontory to the upper margin of symphysis pubis

A

 True Conjugate

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18
Q

 True Conjugate cm

A

(11.5 cm)

19
Q

– situated between inlet and outlet

A

Pelvic canal

20
Q

designed to control the speed of descent of the fetal head

A

Pelvic canal

21
Q

POWERS (3I’s)

A

 Involuntary
 Intermittent
 Involves discomfort

22
Q

not within the control of the parturient

A

 Involuntary

23
Q

alternating contraction and relaxation

A

Intermittent

24
Q

(compression, stretching and hypoxia)

A

Involves Discomfort

25
Q

PHASES OF UTERINE CONTRACTIONS

A

Increment/Crescendo “ready, get set”
Acme/Apex – “go”
Decrement/Decrescendo – “stop”

26
Q

slightly tensed fundus

A

Mild fundus

27
Q

– firm fundus

A

Moderate fundus

28
Q

rigid, board like fundus

A

Strong

29
Q

strength of uterine contraction

A

Intensity

30
Q

rate of uterine contraction

A

Frequency

31
Q

Frequency and duration and interval difference

A

 FREQUENCY
- measured from the beginning of a contraction to the beginning of the next contraction

 DURATION
Measured from the beginning of a contraction to the end of the same contraction

 INTERVAL
- measured from the end of contraction to the beginning of the next contraction

32
Q

ASPECTS OF CONTRACTION
A. Blood Pressure

A

should not be taken during a contraction as it tends to increase. Because no blood supply goes to the placenta during a contraction, all of the blood is in the periphery that is why there is increased BP during uterine contractions.

33
Q

 BP readings should be taken at least every

A

half hour during active labor

34
Q

 When a woman in labor complains of a headache, the first nursing action is

A

to take BP. If it is normal, it is only stress headache; if the BP is increased, refer immediately to the doctor (it could be a sign of toxemia)

35
Q

BP should not be taken during a contraction as it tends to

A

Increase

36
Q

FHR  Should not be taken during a uterine contraction because it tends to

A

Decrease

37
Q

Compression of the fetal head when the uterus contracts stimulate the

A

vagal reflex which, in turn, causes bradycardia

38
Q

 FHR Should be taken every

A

hour during the latent phase of labor, every half hour during the active phase and every 15 minutes during the transition period

39
Q

 For any abnormality in FHR, the initial nursing action is

A

to change the mother’s position

40
Q

 Signs of fetal distress

A

 Bradycardia (FHR less than 100/minute) or tachycardia (FHR more than 180/minute)
 Meconium – stained amniotic fluid in non – breech presentation
 Fetal thrashing – hyperactivity of the fetus as it struggles for more oxygen

41
Q

hyperactivity of the fetus as it struggles for more oxygen

A

Fetal thrashing

42
Q

stained amniotic fluid in non – breech presentation

A

Meconium

43
Q

(FHR less than 100/minute) or (FHR more than 180/minute)

A

Bradycardia/ tachycardia

Maternal Midterms (Lec) (5 decks)

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