Path Bacteria Inf

Question 1

From highest to lowest number of cases

Answer 1

Acute Respiratory Infecition
Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Pneumonia,
Hypertension

Question 2

Respiratory pathogen in PGH

Answer 2

Acinetobacter buamanni

Klebsiella pneumonia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 3

Urine most common isolates in PGH

Answer 3

E. coli, K. pneumonia

Question 4

Blood specimens most common isolates in PGH

Answer 4

Staph epidermidis, Staph. hominis

Question 5

Exudate/tissue (usually polymicrobial) number 1 isolate

Answer 5

Staph aureus

Question 6

Body fluid specimens

Answer 6

E. coli
K. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa

Question 7

Stool specimens (most expensive to process)
most common isolate

Answer 7

E. coli

Question 8

When studying pathology, four aspects should be in mind

Answer 8

Etiologic agent
pathogenesis
Morphology of lesions
Clinical significance

Question 9

Mechanism of Bacteria Induced Injury

enumerate 4 processes

Answer 9

Invade cells and tissues
Deliver toxic moieties
Induce host immune response

Question 10

Gram stain
First techinique done, used to differentiate between gram positive and negative

for:

Answer 10

Most bacteria (except M. Tuberculosis)

Question 11

Acid-fast stain

Answer 11

Mycobacteria, nocardiae, leprosy (from nasal septum scrappings)

Question 12

Silver stains

Answer 12

Fungi, legionellae, Pneumocystis

Question 13

Periodic-acid Schiff

Answer 13

Fungi, amoebae

Question 14

Giemsa

Answer 14

Campylobacteria, leishmaniae, malaria, herpes viruses,

H. pylori (to know what drugs will be effective in treating gastritis)

Question 15

Antibody stains

Answer 15

All classes – Immunofluorescent Assay (IFA), Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (EIA), Chemiluminescence, Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Question 16

Culture (mostly for aerobic species)

Answer 16

All classes (not practical for viruses;
done primarily for bacteria and fungi)

Question 17

DNA probes

Answer 17

iruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi

Question 18

Neutrophilic attraction to the site of infection in response to chemoattractants (In blood, neutrophilia is indicative of bacteria even w/o Gram staining); pus is made up of cellular debris and dead bacteria; active inflammation is at the edge or border of the lesion

Answer 18

Suppurative Inflammation

“nana” - pus on the surface

Question 19

Cell-mediated response of the host - lymphocytes and macrophages; viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasites, spirochetes and helminthes; classic type of inflammation seen in TB

Answer 19

Mononuclear and
Granulomatous
Inflammation

Question 20

Absent host inflammatory response, virus-mediated damage to host cells

Answer 20

Cytopathic-
Cytoproliferative
Inflammation

Question 21

Various classes of organisms with powerful toxins that cause extensive tissue damage (abcess). This also indicates destruction of the underlying tissues → severe form of suppurative inflammation

Answer 21

Necrotizing

Inflammation

Question 22

End-stage of many infections; usually only immunohistochemistry is done because the organism can’t be seen with a gram stain anymore

Answer 22

Chronic Inflammation
and Scarring (fibrosis)