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Lecture with Librarian > Patho Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Patho Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major Areas
– Birth – minimal coverage
– Infancy
– Child
– Teenager

A
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2
Q

Growth

  • _____________
    2500 g or less at birth

Small for gestational age

-below 10th percentile

  • _______________

above 90th percentile

A

Low birth weight

Large for gestational age

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3
Q

Criteria for Apgar Score

Evaluates infant well-being

  • Measures each on a 0-2 score
    Reflex irritability
    ___________ effort
    ________ rate
    _________ tone
    Color
A

Respiratory, Heart, Muscle

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4
Q

___________
* Time from birth to 18 months
* Period of rapid growth and
maturation
* Weight triples and length increases
by 50% at 1 year

A

Infancy

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5
Q

Infancy

  • Can ______, grasp, ________objects,
    feed self, play with toys, and
    communicate by 18 months.
  • Basic ________ develops if needs are
    met.
  • Emergence of symbolic thought by
    end of this period
A

run, manipulate, trust

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6
Q

Infancy

Growth and Development

  • ________ development
  • Organ systems continue to grow and mature in an orderly fashion.

– At a minimal level of functioning at
birth

A

Skull

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7
Q

Common Health
Problems of Newborns

-Distress at birth and the Apgar
score
* Neonatal ____________
* Neonatal ____________
* Birth injuries
* Congenital malformations

A

hypoglycemia, jaundice

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8
Q

Infant Health Problems
* Issues related to _________
* Irritable infant syndrome or _______
*Failure to _________
*Sudden infant death syndrome
* Infectious disease
* Injuries

A

nutrition, colic, thrive

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9
Q

_________
*Manifests as
–Loud crying
–Bringing legs to abdomen
–Extreme irritability
*May be underlying cause
–Careful history should be taken

*Support of parents is essential

A

Colic

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10
Q

Infancy Period

Failure to ______
* Inadequate growth of the child due to the inability to obtain or use essential nutrients

*Organic –Physiological cause (doctors can see this)

  • Inorganic –Psychological factors (nothing looks anatomically incorrect so its kind of a mental thing)
A

Thrive

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11
Q

Early Childhood

*Period from ________through ________
*Child passes through two stages:
–Toddler
–Preschooler

A

18 months to 5 years

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12
Q

Early Childhood

*Major achievements are development of _________ and ___________.
*Learning is ongoing and progressive

A

locomotion and language

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13
Q

Health Risks of Early Childhood

  • Injuries
  • Infectious diseases

*Child ________________

A

maltreatment

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14
Q

Characteristics of _________________
*Period occurs from 6 to 12 years
*Growth averages 3–3.5 kg and 6 cm per year.
*Muscular strength, coordination, and stamina increase.

A

Middle Childhood

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15
Q

Characteristics of Middle Childhood

*Ability to perform ____________increases.
*Can consider several factors simultaneously
*Can evaluate self and perceive others’ evaluations

A

complex movements

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16
Q

Health Risks of Middle Childhood
*Overweight and ______–Especially in certain populations

*__________infections

*Accidents

  • Infections involving bacterial and fungal agents

*Acute and chronic problems surface

*______________

A

Obese,respiratory, Tooth decay

17
Q

Overweight and Obesity

  • In children –defined as –
    _________ –BMI >85% same age/sex

–Obese –BMI >95% same age/sex

A

Overweight

18
Q

___________ Period

*Extends from 13 years through 19 years of age

*Rapid changes occur in body size and shape and in physical and psychological functioning.

*Hormones and sexual maturation interact with social structures.

A

Adolescent

19
Q

Adolescent Period

*Developmental tasks include:
–Achieving ___________ from parents
–Adopting ____________
–Making lifestyle choices
–Forming and adapting to body image

A

independence, peer codes

20
Q

Adolescent Growth and Development

  • CNS-mediated hormonal activity
  • Physical growth occurs simultaneously with sexual maturation.
A
21
Q

Adolescent Growth Patterns
* Arms, legs, hands, feet, and neck
* Increases in hip and chest size follow.
* Increases in shoulder width and depth and trunk length.

A
22
Q

Health Risks of Adolescence
*Nonintentional injuries
–__________, drowning, falls, _____ mishaps, poisoning, and sports injuries

  • Intentional injuries
    –Homicide and ______
    *Cancer
    *Sexual activity
    –________ and STDs
    *Substance abuse
A

vehicle accidents,firearm,suicide, pregnancy

23
Q

Adolescent Period

Injuries
*Fewer actual physical risks–Increased unintentional
* 70% were automobile or firearm
* 21 per 100,000 for automobile and 12 per 100,000 for firearm
*Also increased risk taking

A
24
Q

Children are under the age of 18

A

TRUE

25
Q

What does hypo mean?

A

Low

26
Q

What does glyc mean?

A

sugar

27
Q

What does emia mean?

A

in blood

28
Q

**For colic disease: **
(Think of rule of 3s excessive crying for 3 hours a day at least 3 times a week for 3 weeks)

A
29
Q

Some infants may have colic disease at a young age

A

True

30
Q

A new mother has brought her 6-week-old infant into the pharmacy. She appears anxious and expresses several concerns regarding her infant’s care. The mother tells you that she is concerned that her infant is not feeding well. She has been breast-feeding primarily but supplementing with formula and says her infant has been spitting up frequently. What questions would you ask the mother? What questions might you ask?

Ask about _____, ie has infant been crying for more than 3 hours more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks

-Reassure spitting up is common, as long as the infant is gaining weight this is normal

-Could advise to see doctor if _____?

A

colic,GERD

31
Q

Prevalence of Obesity

Children, adolescents age 2 through 19 in the 1970s single digits…by the 90s it kind of doubled if not tripled and from the 90s to early 2000s it almost doubled again. Substantial increase in a short period of time

A
32
Q

What do you think has happened regarding the prevalence of obesity more recently (since 2008)?

A

STAYED THE SAME

33
Q

A mother brings her 14-year old daughter into your clinic/store and mentions she’s concerned about the weight the girl has gained since her last visit. What questions should you ask the family about possible contributing factors?

Assessment of the adolescent’s ____ and exercise patterns and assessment for ____________

A

diet, type 2 diabetes

34
Q

You ask the mother to leave the room for the physical exam. The adolescent asks you about how to get oral contraceptives. What information would you give to the client?

Access the girl’s ________ risk behaviors… Sexual activity and use of ____________, Discuss info regarding STDs and ___________, Determine if her weight gain is due to pregnancy by discussing ________ patterns

A

sexual,contraceptives, pregnancy,menstrual

Lecture with Librarian (11 decks)

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