Pathology

Question 1

what are 2 major different disciplines of pathology

Answer 1

clinical pathology - hematology (blood smear) clinical chemistry and urinalysis
Morphologic - (anatomic) - gross pathology (necropsy observations) histopathology - microscopic observations) electron microscopy

Question 2

what is a toxicologic pathology, when is it used and what type of questions can be answered

Answer 2

the science of studying the structural and functional consequesnces of injurious stimuli - the study of suffering
after the animal is dead
- used in safety assessments - food drugs chemicals and medical devices

Question 3

what types of questions can be answered ?

Answer 3

does A affect B?
Does A correlate with B
define A (tested material, drug, protein)
define B (histological outcome) which needs to be converted to numbers

Question 4

what are common endpoints to histology

Answer 4

Does treatment cause:
1. necrosis (cell death) -in body tissues because of illness, injury or disease
2. Apoptosis a type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to cell death
3. proliferation - rapid increase of cell numbers (from cell growth and division)- several different immune cells
4. inflammation - increase swelling of tissue
5. fibrosis - thickening or scarring of tissue
6. neoplasia - uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body (similar in genetic make up)