Pathology

Question 1

Disordered endometrial proliferation and irregular periods - Perimenopausal vs reg reproductive age

Answer 1

Due to unopposed to estrogen

Perimenopausal - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, CA

Regular reproductive age - Meds (OCPs), Granulosa cell tumor, PCOS

Question 2

Osteoporosis osteoblast/osteoclast activity

Answer 2

Osteoblast = low, but RANKL high
Osteoclast = high (no estrogen = no apoptosis)

use denosumab to bind RANK-L

Question 3

PTH mechanism of increasing calcium

Answer 3

Increases RANK-L on osteoblast –> activates osteoclast