Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ophthalmology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflamamtion of the conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is inflammation of the cornea called?

A

Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the common causes of bacteria conjunctivitis in neonates?

A

Staph aureus

Neisseria gonorroeae

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical antibiotic - Chloramphenical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the causes of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

Herpes simplex

Herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What disease should you think of if you find follicles on the underside of the eye lid?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you treat bacterial keratitis?

A

Need admission for hourly Chloramphenical drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the features of orbital cellulitis?

A

Painful - especially on eye movements

Proptosis

Pyrexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is endophthalmitis?

A

Devastating infection inside the eye

usually post-surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bacteria usually causes endophtalmitis?

A

Usually staph epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Htow do you treat endophthalmitis?

A

Intravitreal antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common antibiotic eye drop?

A

Chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does cholramphenicol work?

A

Inhibits Peptidyl transferase enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical oxytetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which parts of the eye have lymphatic drainage?

A

Only the cojunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does immune privileged mean?

A

Able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune responce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

Blirateral granulomatous uveitis due to trauma in one eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can be used to identify areas of epithelial loss in trauma?

A

Fluorescein drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is this?

A

Blow out fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is hyphaema?

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is commotio retinae?

A

Bruised retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do you do if a patient presents in A&E with a chemical burn?

A

Check pH

Irrigate with 2L of saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can cause a fifth nerve palsy?

A

Microvascular

Raised ICP

Tumour

congenital

24
Q

What would be the position of the eye in a third nerve palsy

A

Down and out

25
Q

What might a patient with a trochlear nerve palsy be doing?

A

Tilting their head to compensate

26
Q

What might a bilateral trochlear pathology be doing?

A

Chin depressed

27
Q

What would you see in a patient with a IV nerve palsy?

A
28
Q

What would you see in a patient with a VI nerve palsy?

A
29
Q

What is typical of optic neuritis?

A

Progressive visual loss

Pain behind eye

30
Q

When would you use prednisolone acetate and when would you use prednisolone phosphate?

A

Acetate - post op

Posphate - cornea disease

31
Q

What drug can be used to lower Intraocular pressure in glaucoma?

A

Bimatoprost

32
Q

What is the name of the drug with dilates the pupils and how do they work?

A

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

block parasympathetic supply

33
Q

What are the features of central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Sudden visual loss

Painless

Pale odematous retina

34
Q

How do you treat central retinal artery occulsion?

A

If within 24hr - ocular massage

35
Q

What are the classic features of amaurosis fugax?

A

Painless visual loss

like a curtain coming down

lasts 5 minutes

36
Q

How will the retina look different in central retinal vein occlusion compared to central retinal artery occulsion?

A

Artery - retina will be pale

Vein - retina will be heamorrhagic

37
Q

What arteries become ocluded in ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

Occlusion of optic nerve head circulation

Posterior ciliary arteries

38
Q

What does ischaemic optic neuropathy cause?

A

Sudden, profound visual loss with swollen disc

39
Q

What is a vitreous haemorrhage and what are the symptoms?

A

Haemorrhage into the vitrous cavity

Loss of vision

Floaters

Loss of red reflex

40
Q

What are the symptoms of retinal detachment?

A

Painless loss of vision

Sudden onset of flashes/floaters

41
Q

What are the two types of age related macular degeneration?

A

Dry - gradual

Wet- sudden

42
Q

What happens in wet ARMD?

A

New blood vessles grow under the retina

leakage causes build up of fluid leeding to scarring

43
Q

How does anti-VEGF work?

A

once injected into the vitreous cacity it stops new blood vessels growing

44
Q

What is papilloedema?

A

Pampilloedema refers to a swolled optic disc secondary to raised intracranial pressure

45
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflamed eyelids

46
Q

What are the meibomian glands?

A

Glands on the underside of the eye lid

47
Q

How do you treat blepharitis ?

A

Lid hygiene

Tear drops

Oral doxycyline for 3 months

48
Q

Will the vision or affected or unaffected in conjunctivitis?

A

Vision unaffected

49
Q

What are the symptoms of anterior uveitis?

A

Pain

Vision may be reduces

Photophobia

50
Q

What is hypopyon a sign of and what does it look like?

A

Anterior uvieitis

51
Q

What is the difference between episcleritis and scleritis?

A

Episcleritis is not a big deal

Scleritis is painful and is a big deal

52
Q

How do you treat scleritis?

A

Oral NSAIDs

Oral steroids

53
Q

What ae the features of diabeic retinopathy?

A

Blot heamorrhages

Hard exudate

Cotton wool patches

54
Q

What are the features of hypertensive retinopathy?

A

attenated blood vessels

Cotton wool spots

Hard exudates

optic disc oedema

retinal haemorrhage

55
Q
A

ophthalmology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions