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Stuff Thats Would Be Cool To Remember > Pathology Definietions Semester 2 > Flashcards

Pathology Definietions Semester 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Migratory thrombophlebitis occurring in tumor patients. It is attributed to elaboration of platelet aggregating factors and pro-coagulating seems from the tumor cells

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2
Q

Tumor associated with Epstein Barr virus

A

Nasopharygeal carcinoma (lympho-epithelioma), burrkitts lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some B cell lymphomas

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3
Q

SVC Syndrom

A

Venous congestion on the superior extremities and head caused by compression of the vain, most common due to lung or mediastinal tumor

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4
Q

Most common localization of Ewing’s sarcoma

A

Middle region of long tubular bones (diaphysis)

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5
Q

Examples for optional and obligatory precancerous condition

A

Optional: squamous cell metaplasia of bronchi

Obligatory: cervical dysplasia

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6
Q

What is paraneoplasia? List a few typical examples

A

Symptom complexes that occur in patients with cancer and that cannot be readily explained by local or distant spread of the tumor, nor to the secretion of hormones indigenous to the tissue the tumor is derived from.
Trousseau thrombophlebitis, acromegaly, marantic endiocaridits, Cushing Syndrom, DIC, hypercalcemia

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7
Q

Histological features of malignancy in meschymal tumors

A

Cellular atypia
Necrosis
Increased mitotic count

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8
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant epithelial tumor

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9
Q

Which types of vast lit is affect the small and middle sized arteries?

A

Burgers disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Wegner-granulomatosis
Chug-Strauss

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10
Q

Complications of arteriosclerosis

A

Aneurism formation
Ischemic injury of organs
Embolism
Thrombosis

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11
Q

Dressler Syndrom

A

An Autoimmune Phänomen that occur after myocardial infarction and manifests 2-3 weeks later as pericarditis and a pericardial effusion

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12
Q

Rupture of the heart following a myocraridal infarction occurs most likely:

A

2-10 days after infarction

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13
Q

Forms of sterile (non infectious) endocarditis:

A

Marantic endocarditis

Endocarditis associated with carcinoid syndrome

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14
Q

Virus that may contribute in the development of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck?

A

HPV human papiloma virus

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15
Q

Examples for benign and malignant salivary gland tumors

A

Benign: pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, wharthin tumor

Malignant tumor: mucoepitheloid carinoma, actinic cell carinoma, adenoid cystic carinoma, myoepithlial carinoma

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16
Q

Most common site of regional metastasis in oral squamous cell carinoma

A

Cervical lymph nodes

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17
Q

Pancoas tumor

A

Locally disseminated, malignant tumor in the apex of lung

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18
Q

Methode used for detection of mycobacterium

A

PCR
Cultivation
Zieht Nielsen stain (Acid fast)

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19
Q

Etiology of mesothelioma season

A

Asbestos

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20
Q

Which lung tumor type produces commonly hormones?

A

Small cell carinoma (most commonly ACTH)

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21
Q

The two most common affected organs in primary tuberculosis

A

Lung

Small interstine

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22
Q

Infectious diseases that may cause orchitis

A

Mumps (approx 2 weeks post parotitis)

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23
Q

What does Congo red stain detect?

A

Amyloid

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24
Q

Technic of cervical cancer screening

A

Exfoliating cytology

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25
Q

Elements of tuberculosis gohns complex

A

Primary tumbercolitc nodule
lymphangitis
lymphadenitis

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26
Q

In which disease does condylomata Latium occur?

A

Syphilis

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27
Q

What is condylomata acuminatum?

A

Venereal wart most commonly due to HPV 6 and 11

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28
Q

Meckerst diverticulum occurs in

A

Ileum (2 feet 85cm from ileocecel valve)

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29
Q

Baretts esophageous

A

Intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells presenting at least 1 cm Offaly to the gastoesophegaela jungction
Precancerous leasion

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30
Q

Budd Chiari Syndrom

A

Thrombosis of hepatic vains

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31
Q

Caroli disease

A

Congenital disorder comprising of multi focal cystic dial action of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts

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32
Q

Hepatorenal Syndrom

A

Renal fainure in patients with severe liver disease in abscence of morphological changes of the kidney

33
Q

Virchow lymph node

A

Metastatic supraclavicular lymph node

The most common primary tumor is gastric adenocarinoma

34
Q

List the features of Ulcerative colitis

A 
IBD
Beginning in rectum 
Affecting only colon
Continuos inflammation only in mucosa and submucosa with broad based ulcers 
Thin bowl wall 
Extra interstitial symptoms (eg.: PSC)
35
Q

Which liver disease is commonly associated with Ulcerative colitis?

A

primary Sclerosing cholangitis

36
Q

List the features of Chroms disease

A 
IBD 
Whole Gi
Segmental inflammation 
Trans mural inflammation 
Granulomen Formation 
Deep  fistula ulcers 
Thickening of bowl 
Extra intestinal symptoms
37
Q

Achalasia

A

Incompleate relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter with increased sphincter tone and aperistaltis of the esophagus

38
Q

infective agent that may contribute in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers?

A

H. Pylori

39
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Diffuse transformation of the liver into regenerative parenchymal nodules surrounded by fibrous bands
End stage of chronic liver diseases

40
Q

Two main forms of acute pancreatitis

A

Acute intestinal pancreatitis

Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis

41
Q

How is it possible to distinguish between follicular adenoma and follicular carinoma?

A

With the complete surgical removal of the leasion, and through histological examination of the capsule in search for capsular or vascular invasion which is diagnostic for carinoma

42
Q

Histological and clinicopathological features of papillary carinoma of the thyroid:

A 
Grooves
Intranuclear cytoplasmic inculsions 
Crowding of nuclei 
Ground glass (orphan Anni eyes)
Psammoma bodies
Papillary/follicular structures 
Really gives metastasis 
If yes, lymphoid ich metastasis to cervical LN
43
Q

Most common origin of pancreas carinoma?

A

Ductus epithelium

44
Q

Pathogenese of Graves’ disease

A

Thyroid stimulating Anti.TSH receptor autoantibodies

45
Q

What determines the grade of Neuroendocrine tumors?

A

The mitotic rate

Ki67 proliferation index

46
Q

Hashimoto disease

A

Autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis

47
Q

Typical symptoms for nephritic Syndrom

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Macroscopic hematuria
Azotemia

48
Q

Typical syndromes of nephrosis syndrom

A

Hyperlipidemia
Proteinuria (>3,5g)
Hypoalbumemia
Generalized edema

49
Q

Which two carinoma types infiltrate commonly to major vains

A

HHC

Clear cell carinoma of the kidney

50
Q

Chronic renal failure might cause hyperplasia of which organ?

A

Parathyroid gland

51
Q

Gleason grade

A

A grading system used in prostate adenocarinoma to determine the deification of the tumor
It is based on the glandular formation of the tumor cells

52
Q

Primary localization of lymphogenous metastasis in malignant testicular tumors

A

Paraarotic LN

53
Q

Histology types of germ cell tumors of the testicles

A 
Seminoma
Embryoloical carinoma 
Yolksac tumor
Teratoma 
Choriocarcinoma
Spermatocystic tumor
54
Q

Necessary tissue sample if methode in case of suspicion of prostate cancer

A

Trans recital core needle biopsy

55
Q

Endometriosis

A

Presence of endometrial glands and stoma outside the uterus

56
Q

HSIL

A

Hi grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Epithelial Proliferation caused by high risk HPV infection
A precancerous condition

57
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

Ovarian meterstasis of mucinous carinoma

The primary side may be eg: GI tract, pancreas

58
Q

Meigs Syndrome

A

Ovarian fibrothecoma associated hydrothorax

59
Q

Disease of wich cell type is hydatidifrom mole?

A

Throphoblasts

60
Q

Paget disease of the breast

A

In situ carinoma spreading into the epidermis of the nipple

61
Q

Prognostic and predictive factors of breast carinoma

A 
Histological type, grade, stage
Estrogen receptor 
Progesteron recetoprs
Her2 receptor
Ki67 proliferation index
62
Q

Most commmon benign tumor of breast

A

Fibroadenoma

63
Q

The colonal proliferation of which cell are detected in multiple myeloma?

A

Plasma cells

64
Q

Reed-Sternberg cell

A

Binucleated tumor cell with large inclusion type nucleoli typical for Hodgkin’s disease

65
Q

Malt Lymphoma (with examples)

A

Lymphoma arming in the mucosa associated Lymphpoid tissue

Stomach, small intestine, tonsils, thyroid gland, conjunctiva, bronchus

66
Q

List oncogenic viruses (which play a role in pathogenenis of malignant tumors)

A

EBV: Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharygeal carinoma
HHV-8: Kapos sarcoma
HCV/HBV: HCC
HPV: anogenital squamous cell carinoma, oropüharygeal carinoma
HTLV-1: adult T cell lymphoma

67
Q

The two most common localizations of extramedullary hematopoesis?

A

Liver, spleen

68
Q

What is merkel-cell carinoma and where does it a raise?

A

Neuroendocine tumor

Of Merkel cells in skin

69
Q

Where does osteosarcoma a raise commonly

A

Metaphysis of long cortical bones

Mainly distal femur and proximal Tibia

70
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune demyelination disorder of the CNS which is characterized by recurring episodes of disease activity with production of white matter lesions

71
Q

Schwannoma

A

Tumor of the peripheral nerves

72
Q

Most common localization of intracranial bacterial infection

A

Leptomeninx

73
Q

Breslow depth

A

Thickness of skin melanoma measured from the granular leader of the epidermis

74
Q

Cause of common warts

A

Human papiloma virus HOV

75
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial purple to inflammation of the skin

76
Q

Typhus is characteristic for:

A

Gout

77
Q

Typical site of lacunae infaction occur:

A

Basal ganglia

Thalamus

78
Q

Typical symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A 
Meconium ileus 
Recurring and chronic pneumonia 
Bronchiectasis 
COR pulonmae 
Pancreatic insufficiency
79
Q

Gastroschisis

A

A birth defect in which abdominal viscera protrude through the incomplete abdominals wall

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