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EVNS > Patient Care > Flashcards

Patient Care Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 investigating protocols?

A
  • History taking
  • Initial observations
  • Physical observations
  • Diagnostic procedures
  • Treatment
  • After care
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2
Q

What are the initial observations?

A
  • General condition including weight
  • Behaviour
  • Symmetry
  • Posture
  • Gait
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3
Q

What is the physical examination?

A

To establish the extent and effects of a problem; start cranially and then caudally

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4
Q

What should be checked on the head?

A
  • Nares
  • Mouth
  • Smell, mucous membranes and capillary refill time
  • Eyes
  • Ears
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5
Q

What do pale mucous membranes mean?

A
  • Poor perfusion
  • Haemorrhage
  • Severe vasoconstriction
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6
Q

What do red mucous membranes mean?

A
  • Congestion
  • Fever
  • Sepsis
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7
Q

What do cherry red mucous membranes mean?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

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8
Q

What do cyanotic mucous membranes?

A

Hypoxia

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9
Q

What do jaundice (icterus) mucous membranes?

A
  • Liver disease
  • Bile flow obstruction
  • Can be normal in horses
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10
Q

How many seconds should a healthy capillary refill time?

A

1-2 seconds

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11
Q

What does it mean if CRT is shorter than 2 seconds?

A
  • Poor perfusion
  • Dehydration
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12
Q

What does it mean if CRT is longer than 2 seconds?

A
  • Fever
  • Sepsis
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13
Q

What should you check on the neck?

A

Pinch the skin around here and the skin should go back immediately
- Check for wounds
- Check lymph nodes

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14
Q

What does an enlargement of the lymph nodes mean?

A
  • Infection
  • Neoplasia
  • Inflammation
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15
Q

What should be checked on the limbs and body?

A
  • Forelimbs
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis and hindlimbs
  • Tail
  • Anus
  • Genitalia
  • Skin and coat
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16
Q

What does anorexia mean?

A

Loss of appetite

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17
Q

What does inappetance mean?

A

Reduced appetite

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18
Q

What does dysphagia?

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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19
Q

What does polyphagia?

A

Increased eating

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20
Q

What does voracious mean?

A

Wolfing down food with weight loss

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21
Q

What does pica mean?

A

The craving of unnatural foods

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22
Q

What does coprophagia mean?

A

Eating faeces

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23
Q

What does capricious mean?

A

Picky eating

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24
Q

What does polydipsia mean?

A

Increased drinking

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25
Q

What does adipsia mean?

A

Lack of drinking

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26
Q

What does polyuria mean?

A

Increased urination

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27
Q

What does oliguria mean?

A

Decreased urination

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28
Q

What does anuria mean?

A

Lack of urination

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29
Q

What does dysuria mean?

A

Difficulty in urination

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30
Q

What does haematuria mean?

A

Blood in urine

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31
Q

What does urinary incontinence mean?

A

Dripping urine

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32
Q

What does urinary tenesmus mean?

A

Straining to pass urine

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33
Q

What does constipation mean?

A

Unable to pass faeces

34
Q

What does diarrhoea mean?

A

Passing soft faeces

35
Q

What does faecal tenesmus mean?

A

Straining to pass faeces

36
Q

What does dyschezia mean?

A

Pain when passing faeces

37
Q

What does melaena mean?

A

Dark tarry faeces containing digested blood

38
Q

What does haematochezia mean?

A

Fresh blood in faeces

39
Q

What does steatorrhoea mean?

A

Fatty faeces

40
Q

What does projectile mean?

A

Forceful vomit of stomach contents usually without retching

41
Q

What does regurgitation mean?

A

The return of undigested food form the oesophagus

42
Q

What does retching mean?

A

Ineffectual attempts to vomit

43
Q

What does haematemesis mean?

A

Vomit containing blood

44
Q

What does bilious/cholemesis mean?

A

Vomit containing bile

45
Q

What does stercoraceous mean?

A

Vomit containing faeces

46
Q

What does pyrexia mean?

A

Elevated core body temperature

47
Q

What does orthopnoea mean?

A

Dyspnoea when in recumbency

48
Q

What does dyspnoea mean?

A

Shortness in breath

49
Q

What are the 6 types of enteral tubes?

A
  • Orogastric
  • Naso-oesophageal
  • Pharyngostomy
  • Oesophagostomy
  • Percutaneous endoscope gastrostomy
  • Enterostomy/jejunostomy
50
Q

What is partial parenteral nutrition?

A

40-70% of nutritional requirements are given through the peripheral vein

51
Q

What it total parenteral nutrition?

A

100% of nutritional requirements are given through the jugular vein

52
Q

What should you check in urine?

A
  • Colour
  • Turbidity
  • Volume (should be 1-2ml/kg/hr)
  • Frequency
53
Q

What should be check in faeces?

A
  • Colour
  • Consistency
  • Volume
  • Frequency
54
Q

What should be checked in vomit?

A
  • Appearance
  • Frequency
  • Force
  • Quantity
55
Q

How would you take a rectal temperature?

A
  • Clean thermometer
  • Check mercury level
  • Add lubricant
  • Restrain patient
  • Hold the thermometer in for 30-60 seconds
  • Wipe clean and read and record temperature
56
Q

What do elevated rectal temperatures mean?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Hyperthermia
57
Q

What do reduced rectal temperatures mean?

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Depressed
  • Unconscious
58
Q

What is the best artery to take a pulse reading?

A

Femoral

59
Q

What does tachycardia mean?

A

Increased heart and pulse rates

60
Q

What does bradycardia mean?

A

Decreased heart and pulse rates

61
Q

What does sinus arrhythmia mean?

A

Normal variation in pulse rate between inspiration and expiration

62
Q

What does hypodynamic/hypokinetic mean?

A

Weak pulse

63
Q

What does hyperdynamic/hyperkinetic mean?

A

Strong and jerky pulse

64
Q

What does tachypnoea mean?

A

Increased respiratory rate

65
Q

What does bradypnoea mean?

A

Decreased respiratory rate

66
Q

What does apnoea mean?

A

No breathing

67
Q

What is the normal temperature reading for a dog?

A

38.3-39.2 degrees C

68
Q

What is a normal temperature reading for a cat?

A

38.2-38.6 degrees C

69
Q

What is a normal temperature reading for a rabbit?

A

38.5-40.0 degrees C

70
Q

What is a normal temperature reading for a guinea pig?

A

37.2-39.5 degrees C

71
Q

What is a normal temperature reading for a horse?

A

37.2-38.9 degrees C

72
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a dog?

A

70-140 beats/min

73
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a cat?

A

100-200 beats/min

74
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a rabbit?

A

130-325 beats/min

75
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a horse?

A

30-40 beats/min

76
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a guinea pig?

A

230-380 beats/min

77
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a dog?

A

10-30 breaths/min

78
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a cat?

A

20-30 breaths/min

79
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a rabbit?

A

30-60 breaths/min

80
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a horse?

A

12-20 breaths/min

81
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a guinea pig?

A

90-150 breaths/min

EVNS (10 decks)

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