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history :) > peacemaking:treaty of versailles > Flashcards

peacemaking:treaty of versailles Flashcards

1
Q

who were the big three?

A

georges clemenceau-france
david lloyd george-britain
woodrow wilson-usa

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2
Q

why did clemenceau want revenge?

A

wanted revenge because the north east of france had the most deaths

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3
Q

what did clemenceau want to do to germany?

A

cripple them by dramatically reducing their armed forces

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4
Q

was clemenceau willing to compromise?

A

yes but he wasn’t afraid to fight

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5
Q

why did lloyd george want revenge?

A

because many young soldiers had died

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6
Q

why was lloyd george cautious?

A

he didn’t want to start another war, he wanted germany to stay powerful so russia(communist) didn’t take over

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7
Q

what did lloyd george want?

A

he wanted to expand the british empire and gain germany’s colonies as a use of income

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8
Q

what were peace talks?

A

they were lloyd george’s opportunity to reduce germany’s navy so it could stop rivalling britain’s

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9
Q

why wasn’t wilson driven by revenge?

A

there was no fighting on american land, he was also an idealist

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10
Q

what did wilson believe in?

A

self determination, this is when countries have the freedom to rule themselves

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11
Q

did the usa have any debt?

A

no because they sold weapons to allies

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12
Q

why did the peacemakers not agree?

A

because of the armistice vs tov(treaty of versailles), prior agreements,conflicts of interest,time constraints and a changing europe

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13
Q

armistice vs tov explanation

A

armistice singed at the end of ww1
agreement for peace and no more fighting=tov
germany gave alsace lorraine back to france,more army out of rhineland

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14
Q

prior agreements explanation

A

a lot of promises were made to different countries in return for their support and they wanted these to be kept at the end of the war,however some of these clashed

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15
Q

conflict of interest explanation

A

big 3 wanted different things for germany eg
clemenceau-revenge
wilson-fair treaty
lloyd george-wanted them to pay but for them to still have power

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16
Q

time constraints explanation

A

jan 1919- tov signed, conference lasted 12 months

detailed discussion about reparations,economy etc

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17
Q

a changing europe explanation

A

politics and economies unstable in other countries eg

austria hungary had a big empire and had started to separate, russia’s spending of communism was a concern

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18
Q

what was impact of the tov on military strength?

A

navy was reduced to 15000 men, 1500 officers, 6 battleships
no conscription
army had 10000 men, no submarines or tanks

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19
Q

what was impact of the tov on colonies?

A

colonies in africa were given as mandates to the league of nations,which meant that britain and france controlled them

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20
Q

what was impact of the tov on the league of nations?

A

germany and america were not allowed to join

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21
Q

what was impact of the tov on reparations?

A

article 232, war guilt clause, £6.6bn estimated to paid back by 1988

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22
Q

what was impact of the tov on the saar?

A

the saar was an important industrial part of germany with coal mines, to be controlled by the league of nations

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23
Q

what was impact of the tov on land?

A

lost 10% of land eg
alsace lorraine to france
eupen and malmedy to belgium
north schlesuig to denmark

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24
Q

what was impact of the tov on the rhineland ?

A

a strip of land on the border of france, germany was to demilitarise there meaning no army or defences

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25
Q

what was impact of the tov on the polish corridor?

A

germany was split into two by the polish corridor, a strip of land given to poland to allow them to have access to the sea

26
Q

what was impact of the tov on war guilt?

A

article 232, germany had to take full responsibility for causing the war, german population hated it

27
Q

what was impact of the tov on danzig and austria?

A

danzig taken away from germany, given to league of nations and anschluss(union between germany and austria) was forbidden

28
Q

what were lloyd george’s aims?

A

punish germany
reduce german navy
keen to get their colonies
didn’t want germany to seek revenge

29
Q

how were lloyd george’s aims satisfied?

A

he got colonies from to built the british empire

six battleships meant that the german navy wasn’t a threat to britain

30
Q

how were lloyd george’s aims unsatisfied?

A

thought that tov was too harsh
it would ruin germany’s trade if it was crippled
predicted that there would be another war in 25 years as germany would seek revenge

31
Q

what were clemenceau’s aims?

A

two third of france army were dead so wanted revenge on germany
wanted to cripple germany so they couldn’t attack france again

32
Q

how were clemenceau’s aims satisfied?

A 
reparations were very high so they killed cripple germany 
france got alsace lorraine back
small german army 
rhineland demilitarised 
war guilt
33
Q

how were clemenceau’s aims unsatisfied?

A

he thought the tov wasn’t harsh enough

thought more land should’ve been taken away

34
Q

what were wilson’s aims?

A

wanted a more peaceful world through the league of nations, democracy and self determination(when countries are independent)
nothing too harsh
14 points for countries to follow for roscoe negotiations to end ww1

35
Q

how were wilson’s aims satisfied?

A

league of nations was enforced
countries detached independence
alsace lorraine returned
countries left empires

36
Q

how were wilson’s aims unsatsfied?

A

14 points were ignored
us senate refused to join lon(league of nations)
thought the treaty was too harsh

37
Q

what were the feelings of british public to tov?

A

thought that german were barbarians due to propaganda showing the germans as barbarians

38
Q

what were the feelings of lloyd george to tov?

A

treaty benefitted empire so he was happy
thought reparations were too harsh
thought germany was resentful and tov would lead to war

39
Q

what were the feelings of the french public to tov?

A

wanted to see germany be punished severely
pleased with the demilitarising of the rhineland, reparations,the saar
some were furious, felt france suffered greater

40
Q

what were the feelings of clemenceau to tov?

A

angry that germany was allowed an army
thought rhineland should’ve been taken away
thought reparations were too small
later voted out through election

41
Q

what weee the feelings of the us public to tov?

A

thought the treaty was very unfair, especially how wilson’s lon had been formed and the us wasn’t allowed to join
felt that wilson had been manipulated by france and british
didn’t wanted to get involved in european affairs
wanted a fair treaty and peace

42
Q

what were the feelings of wilson to tov?

A

devastated due to lon
feared that the harsh treaty would lead usa to be in another war
favoured isolationism(not getting invoked in any wars)
upset that 14 points had been ignored

43
Q

what was the german reaction to tov?

A 
outraged 
the kaiser(leader of germany) had fled and left the country in turmoil 
had went from one of the strongest countries into financial ruin
44
Q

what did britain do?

A

britain had stopped imported food coming in through a blockade and germany felt that they needed compassion and needed to rebuild their country

45
Q

what happened to policitcs in germany?

A

after the kaiser was abdicated(failed to undertake the throne) the weimar republic was formed
some wanted as thing leader, tiger wanted that the weimar republic helped others
revolts broke out and the trust five years after the war was unstable and violent

46
Q

what did the germans hate?

A

article 232 the war guilt clause and how they had to pay reparations

47
Q

what did the german government claim?

A

they claimed that 763,000 civilians had died of starvation

48
Q

what did the germans lose?

A

16% of coal and 13% of land

49
Q

how many german nationals found themselves living in other countries?

A

6 million

50
Q

what was the significance of sevres?

A

other treaties were unenforceable, when a country rebelled there was little other countries could do
when british agreed to make the treaties fairer, hitler and mussolini(italian dictator) realised that they could get away with breaking international law as no one could stop them

51
Q

what were new states?

A

some new countries worked well, they were politically stable and well respected

52
Q

what did allies want?

A

they wanted a strong buffer zone between germany and the ussr, as there were no natural barriers such as rivers or mountains

53
Q

how did germans living in poland feel?

A

they were angry as they didn’t want to be polish

54
Q

what did the ussr argue about?

A

about poland’s eastern borders

55
Q

consequences of the treaty

A

6m of german liviing outside of germany, germany lost 13% of land, german had limited army and navy, having to accept full responsibility for starting the war, treaty was diktat(dictated peace), high reparations

56
Q

why was 6m german living outside of germany a problem?

A

they didn’t want to live under new rules
people rise up and riot
hitler used this as an excuse to reclaim them

57
Q

why was germany losing 13% of its land a problem?

A

impacted the economy and made it weaker
cattle,wheat and rye was lost and led to starvation
led to civil unrest

58
Q

why was germany having a limited army and navy a problem?

A

it made them vulnerable to attack

59
Q

why was germany having to accept full responsibility for starting the war a problem?

A

kaiser had abdicated and missing

germans thought that him leaving would mean that they didn’t need to be punished as the person responsible had left.

60
Q

why was it a problem that the treaty was diktat?

A

had to accept that they started the war and were crippled, if they didn’t accept terms they would have to start war again

61
Q

why was it a problem that they had high reparations?

A

highly affected the economy and it gave them less money to start rebuiliding
led to poverty

history :) (3 decks)

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