Pediatrics Flashcards
1
Q
VACTERL Association
A
- Vertebral abnormalities, Anal anomalies, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal/ Radial anomalies, Limb anomalies
- Examine organs + radiograph/ examine spine
2
Q
Hx + Physical - Initial Assessment
A
- ABCS
- IV, O2, monitor, vitals
- 38.5C is the T for fever, no matter where it was taken, BUT specifically in a neonate, 38 per rectum is also fever - General Appearance
A. CNS Status
- Ex: awake, irritable, sleeping, obtunded, comatose
- GCS
B. Colour
- Pink, plethoric, pale (anemia, edema), mottled (circ instability), cyanosis (central, peripheral), jaundice (yellow indirect, green direct)
C. Cardio-resp distress
- Colour (pale, cyanosis)
- Tachy, hypo, or apneic/ tachy or bradycardia
- Audible airway noise
- Indrawing, nasal flaring, tracheal tug, tripod
D. Hydration
- Mental status
- Mucous membranes moist or dry, skin turgor, tears, voiding, wt loss
- Quantify the dehydration: minimal (3-5%), moderate (5-10%), or severe (> 10%)
E. Nutrition
- Normal/ well nourished = 5-95% percentile
- Obese >95% –> risks: DM2, high BP + cholesterol, heart disease, PCOS
- FTT (failure to thrive): wt persistently below 3-5th percentile OR deceleration of growth velocity crossing of 2 major percentile lines
- Malnourished signs: dec metabolism (hypothermia & bradycardia), muscle wasting, hypotonia, facial edema, ascites, and dermatitis
3
Q
APGAR Score
A
- Appearance (skin color)
- Pulse
- Grimace response (reflexes)
- Activity (muscle tone)
- Respiration (breathing rate and effort)
- Each factor ranked 0-2
- Max score 10
- Taken at 1 + 5 mins after birth
4
Q
Unique - Meningitis - Kernig + Brudzinski signs
A
- These signs are non-specific in babies, so consider in ANY infant with fever
