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PEDS Flashcards

1
Q

When someone says they will live a certain amount of years, they are predicting what about their age?

A

They are predicting their life expectancy.

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2
Q

Calculate the fluid requirements for a child who weighs 18.4 kg and then calculate their maintenance fluid requirement.

A

For their total 24 hr requirement of fluid for an 18.4 kg child:
Take the first 10 kg X 100 mL= 1000 mL

There are now 8.4 kg left over: Take 8.4 kg X 50 mL = 420 mL.
Now all kg are accounted for.

Add the amounts in mL: 1000 mL + 420 mL = 1420 mL/ 24 hour is the total 24 hr requirement for an 18.4 kg child.

For their maintenance fluid requirement: Take their total 24 hr requirement of fluid which is 1420 mL and divide it by 24 hours to get the per-hour amount they need.
1420/24= 59.166= 59.2 mL/hour

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3
Q

Today in the USA, what is the average life expectancy at birth?

A

77 years

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4
Q

A baby born is considered an INFANT.
A baby grows into a TODDLER.
A toddler goes to their first school as a PRESCHOOLER.
A preschooler then grows into a SCHOOL-AGED child.
A child then grows into an ADOLESCENCE.
This teenager grows into EARLY ADULTHOOD.
This adult ages into MIDDLE ADULTHOOD.
Before they know it they are in their LATE ADULTHOOD.

THESE (8) STAGES ARE KNOWN AS

A

The eight stages of life span development

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5
Q

What is the growth and development that proceeds from the head toward the feet?
Can you spell it correctly?

Note: Infant’s muscular development progression

A

Cephalocaudal

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6
Q

What is growth and development that proceeds from the center
toward the outside?

A

Proximodistal

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7
Q

Patterns of Growth
• The blueprint for all inherited traits is contained in our ___________.

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

After fertilization, what has 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes?

A

The zygote

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9
Q

If any substance, agent, or process interferes with normal prenatal
development and causes the formation of one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus- this substance, agent, or process is known as a____________.

A

Teratogen

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10
Q

There are (8) Types of families listed in our slides? Name them.

A

1 nuclear
2 extended
3 single-parent
4 blended (reconstituted)
5 social contract (cohabitation)
6 homosexual
7 adoptive
8 foster

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11
Q

The way in which family members relate to one another is called what?

A

Family patterns

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12
Q

There are different types of family patterns:
What is the pattern called when parents attempt to control their children?

A

Autocratic

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13
Q

What type of family pattern is it when the adult female assumes the dominant role in the family?

A

Matriarchal

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14
Q

When the adult members function as equals and
children are treated with respect, this is what type of family pattern?

A

Democratic

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15
Q

What American psychoanalyst viewed the life cycle as a series of developmental stages with each accompanied by a developmental task or challenge?

A

Erik Erikson

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16
Q

Stage 1 happens in Infancy from Birth to 1 year old.
What is Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development task or challenge during this age?

A

Basic Trust vs Mistrust

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17
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development:

In this stage, one learns either to trust or to not trust that significant others will properly care for their basic needs. What is the challenge/task of this stage and at what age does it generally end?

A

Basic trust vs mistrust
Ends generally at 1 yr old.

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18
Q

In Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development one grows to be either self-sufficient with toileting, feeding and walking OR they doubt their own abilities.

What is the challenge/ task of this stage?
What is the age group of this stage?
What stage is this after and before?

A

Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
Toddler: 1 to 3 years old
After: stage 1 trust vs mistrust before: stage 3 initiative vs guilt

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19
Q

What stage of family development Is the period of family life when the grown children depart from the home but many are returning for financial reasons?

A

Disengagement stage of parenthood

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20
Q

What is the stage of family development which requires the individual to cope with a large range of changes? Most older adults prefer to live independently.

A

Senescence stage (last stage of the life cycle)

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21
Q

List in order the (8) Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory.

A

STAGES
1 Basic trust v mistrust
2 Autonomy vs shame and doubt
3 Initiative vs guilt
4 Industry vs inferiority
5 identity vs role confusion
6 Intimacy vs isolation
7 Generativity vs Stagnation
8 Ego integrity vs despair

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22
Q

Give the period of development name & the age ranges for each of the Stages below:

Is this a theory of Piaget or Erikson?

1 Basic trust v mistrust
2 Autonomy vs shame and doubt
3 Initiative vs guilt
4 Industry vs inferiority
5 identity vs role confusion
6 Intimacy vs isolation
7 Generativity vs Stagnation
8 Ego integrity vs despair

A

It is Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

1 Basic trust v mistrust——————–Infancy birth to 1 yr
2 Autonomy vs shame and doubt—Toddler 1 to 3 yr
3 Initiative vs guilt————————-Preschool 4 to 6 yr
4 Industry vs inferiority —————–Schoolage 7 to 11 yr
5 identity vs role confusion————Adolescence 12 to 19 yr
6 Intimacy vs isolation——————-Young adulthood 20-44 yr
7 Generativity vs Stagnation———-Middle adulthood 45-65 yr
8 Ego integrity vs despair————–Late adulthood 65 yr ++

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23
Q

MAKE NOTE OF THE ORDER AND FILL IN THE MISSING BLANKS:
1 Basic trust vs mistrust
2 _______ vs shame and doubt
3 _______ vs guilt
4 Industry vs ______
5 identity vs role confusion
6 Intimacy vs isolation
7 _______ vs Stagnation
8 _________ vs despair

A

1 basic trust vs mistrust
2 Autonomy vs shame and doubt
3 Initiative vs guilt
4 industry vs inferiority
5 Identity vs role confusion
6 intimacy vs isolation
7 Generativity vs stagnation
8 Ego integrity vs despair

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24
Q

There are (4) Stages for Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory.
List them in order and the age span of each.

A

Sensorimotor: ————————-Birth to 2 years old
Preoperational Thought————2 to 6 years old
Concrete Operational Thought–7 to 11 years old
Formal Operational Thought—–12 and above

02- 26-711-12 and up

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25
Q

This stage of Piaget’s Cognitive development theory is centered around the use of senses and motor abilities to help one understand the world. The stage begins with an infant’s reflexes; what stage is this and what is the age range of it?

A

Sensorimotor: Birth to 2 years

Remember: Motor and sensory

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26
Q

In this stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory, one explores their imagination abilities and uses trial and error to discover new traits.
Name the stage.
What is the age range of this stage?

A

Preoperational Thought
2 to 6 years old

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27
Q

In the stage of Concrete Operational thought, one has a more realistic view of life and better understands the viewpoint of others. What is the age range of this cognitive development stage?

A

7 to 11 years old

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28
Q

Which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory uses a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach to thinking? What age range does this stage cover?

A

Formal Operational Thought
12 years and older

Remember: problem-solving

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29
Q

What is the list of health benefits associated with physical mobility? (6)

HEART> HTN>DM>COLON CANCER>SELF> DEATH

A
  • Lowers death rate!
  • reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular disease
  • reduces the risk of high blood pressure
  • reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus and colon cancer
  • Increases a person’s self-esteem
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30
Q

What is the single most preventable CAUSE of death and disease in the USA?

A

Cigarette smoking

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31
Q

What age group has the largest increase in drug use??

A

12-13 years old

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32
Q

Peggy has 3 children- one child is 1 year old. Her 20-month-old is tall for her age and her adopted son weighs 37 pounds and will be turning 2 years old. What do her car seating arrangements for her children look like?
Which way are the seats facing and why?

A

All her children’s car seats will be rear-facing because effective 01/01/2017, children under the age of 2, and under 40 lbs or under 40” tall must be properly secured in a rear-facing child restraint system.

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33
Q

Do not administer a vaccine if a child is ______.

A

Febrile (has a fever)

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34
Q

What type of mask is required for airborne precautions?
List the airborne diseases that can be transmitted via airborne droplets.

A

An N-95 is the required mask.

Measles
Tuberculosis
Varicella

Remember: MTV is on the Air!

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35
Q

What can be transmitted by large particle droplets and requires Droplet Precautions?

A

Meningitis
Rubella
Pneumonia
Mumps

Remember- MR. PM

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36
Q

During the first year of life for a child, what should a parent not give to their child? Explain why.

A

Honey.
Raw honey has been shown to cause infant botulism due to the C. botulinum spores that can produce a fatal toxin in infants.

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37
Q

Unfortunately, what is the leading cause of FATAL INJURY in children under 1 year of age?

What is the second leading cause of accidental DEATH in children 1 to 4 years of age AND
What is the third cause of accidental DEATH in children 5 to 14 years of age?

A

1 cause of death in children 1-4 years of age: BURNS

ASPHYXIATION (deprived of oxygen) through aspiration of foreign materials in the respiratory tract is the leading cause of FATAL INJURY IN CHILDREN UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE.

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38
Q

Nutrition:
What do infants between the ages of 4 to 6 MONTHS begin to need in their diet?
Why is it important to introduce new foods at weekly intervals to these young children?

A

They need more IRON in their diet.
If applicable, Food ALLERGIES can be identified at the weekly introduction of new foods.

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39
Q

Fill in the blank:
Methods of calculating dosages for children consider ____, ________, and ________.

A

AGE
BODY WEIGHT
BODY SURFACE AREA

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40
Q

Fill in the missing part of the formulas for calculating daily fluid requirements

0-10 kg = ____ mL/ 24 hr total daily requirement of fluids

11-20 kg = ____ mL/ 24 hr total daily requirement of fluids

21 kg and above =____ mL/24 hr total daily total requirement of fluids

A

0-10 kg= 100 mL/24 hr—————-(this is for the FIRST 10 kg of weight)
11-20 kg= 50 mL/24 hr________( This is for the NEXT 10 kg of weight)
21 kg and above= 20mL/24 hr__( This is for the REMAINING 10 kg of weight)

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41
Q

What is the formula to calculate the Pediatric Fluid “maintenance” requirement?

A

For all pediatric fluid requirements take the 24-hour fluid requirement number and divide it by 24 hours, this will give you the amount of fluid required per hour which is the maintenance requirement.

ex.
A nurse has calculated that a child needs 480 mL/24 hr of a saline solution. Now she calculates how much the child needs per hour: 480/24 = 20 mL/ hour

Note: The answer is to the tenth place for pediatric accuracy

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42
Q

What is the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for infants to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

A

Place the infant in a supine or side-lying position for sleeping. Do not place them in a prone position for sleeping.

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43
Q

This disorder of the respiratory function which is contagious must be treated with a 10-day course of antimicrobial therapy. Penicillin is the drug of choice. What is the medical term for this disorder and what is the common name for it?

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis- strep throat

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44
Q

What lab value is used to determine a patient’s hydration or dehydration status? What is the reference range?

What does the lab value 1.030 indicate?

A

Urine-specific gravity: 1.005 - 1.030

A lab value of 1.030 indicates a concentrated urine sample which is seen in dehydration.

Remember: The specific gravity of water is 1.000- therefore the value of 1.005 is closer to water (hydration) vs 1.030 (dehydration)

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45
Q

-Lack of attaining a sense of identity can lead to self-doubt and low self esteem
-Loss of a loved one or relationship
- Social isolation
- Depression

The above are multiple factors together and are the etiology/pathophysiology of what disorder?

A

Suicide

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46
Q

This complete listing of nursing interventions is applicable to assisting a mom and her child of what age and for what reason?

= Have a parent stay with the child during a procedure
= Perform the procedure as quickly as possible
= Allow the child to keep a toy from home

A

Assisting a 3 year old during painful procedures

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47
Q

Cognitive and intellectual development
• Needs trust and guidance to distinguish truth from fantasy.

WHAT IS THE CHILD GROUP CALLED AND WHAT IS
THEIR AGE RANGE FOR THE ABOVE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT STAGE?

A

Preschooler: 3 to 5 Years

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48
Q

Adolescence is during what age range?
According to Erikson’s stages, this group is challenged with what struggle?

A

Adolescence: 12-19 years old

Identity versus role confusion

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49
Q

Concerning Erikson’s - Identity versus role confusion for 12-19 year olds, what are the three priorities that are most important to them?

A

peers

# Body image

(coping mechanism is often used)

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50
Q

Concerning nutrition for a 12-19 year old- what are their likely nutrient deficiencies?

A

Calcium, iron, and zinc

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51
Q

For a 12-19 year old, what represents the greatest risk for suicide in their lives?

A

Active psychiatric disorders

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52
Q

A defect in vision in advancing age of a person is Presbycusis OR is it Presbyopia?

A

Presbyopia

Difficulty seeing things up close.

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53
Q

What is a normal progressive, age-associated loss of hearing called?

Press By my ear…Cause this is Normal

A

Presbycusis

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54
Q

What do the signs/symptoms below signify?

irregular menstrual periods, flow changes,
excess fluid retention, breast tenderness,
hot flashes, palpitations, night sweats,
and irritability and mood swings

A

Menopause

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55
Q

What is associated with many social problems including domestic violence, sexually transmitted diseases, teen pregnancy, school failure, motor vehicle accident, increased health care costs, decreased worker productivity, and increased homelessness?

A

Substance Abuse

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56
Q

Parents should be advised to use infant car seats designed according to what safety guidelines?

A

Federal

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57
Q

Immunizations:

What vaccine can be administered to a pregnant woman right after delivery if she has not had this immunization?

A

Rubella vaccine

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58
Q

What vaccines are due for children 4-6 years old?
Hint:
(4)

A

Dtap, IPV, MMR, Varicella
(DIMV)

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59
Q

Immunizations:

What does Dtap stand for?

A

DIPHTHERIA
TETANUS
PERTUSSIS

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60
Q

All new HIV case are among people younger than what age?

A

25 years old

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61
Q

What active disorder represents the greatest risk for suicide?

A

Psychiatric disorders

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62
Q

Children under what age must be restrained in a child passenger restraint system in the rear seat?

A

8 years old

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63
Q

Effective January 1, 2017, children under age _____ and weighing under _______ lbs or under ____“ tall— must be properly secured in a REAR-FACING child restraint system.

A

2 years old
40 lbs
40 inches

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64
Q

If a child had a high fever after a previous DTAP- what should you do?

A

Contact MD

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65
Q

What immunizations are given SUBCUT?

A

MMR
VARICELLA

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66
Q

Immunizations: what does IPV stand for?

A

Inactivated Polio Vaccine

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67
Q

Immunizations: What does RV stand for?

A

Rotavirus

68
Q

Immunizations: What does HIB stand for?

A

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B: HIB

Note: Protects against serious infections caused by Hib, such as bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial pneumonia, septic arthritis, and sepsis

69
Q

What does PCV stand for?

A

PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE = PCV

70
Q

What immunization protects against infection of Streptococcus pneumonia, which may cause meningitis, PNEUMONIA, septicemia, sinusitis, and otitis media?

A

PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE: PCV

71
Q

The MENIGOCOCCAL VACCINE protects against what meningitis?

THINK

A

Neisseria meningitis

72
Q

What does (Gardasil): HPV stand for? What does it protect against?
•Protects against diseases caused by HPV, such as __________ and ____________.

A

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (Gardasil) = HPV

•Protects against diseases caused by HPV, such as cervical cancer and genital warts

73
Q

IF a pregnant mother has tested positive for Hepatitis B, when she gives birth what must happen for the baby?

A

Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBV) AND Hepatitis B vaccine

WITHIN 12 HOURS OF BIRTH

74
Q

What is made of a substance of actual viruses or bacteria that stimulate the body to make more antibodies.

A

A vaccine

75
Q

What is a substance made up of antibodies that are naturally made by the body to provide protection from certain diseases?

A

IG (immunoglobulin)

76
Q

The ingestion of harmful or poisonous substances is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under WHAT AGE?

A

UNDER 5 YEARS OLD

77
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER WORD FOR DEPRIVED OF OXYGEN?

A

ASPHYXIATION

78
Q

What does it mean to inhale some kind of foreign object or substance into your airway?

A

Aspiration

79
Q

What is a target for adolescents regarding Healthy People 2010?

A

To reduce relapse from eating disorders

80
Q

According to the slides, what is a barrier to immunizations?

A

Lack of insurance

81
Q

What is the schedule for the HEP B vaccine?

A

AT Birth
AT (2) Months
AT (6) Months

82
Q

What are the isolation precautions for mumps?

A

Droplet precautions (large particle)

83
Q

What are three components of caring for a pediatric patient as a nurse?

A

Convey respect
Talk at their level
Be honest (most important)

84
Q

What is one of the nurse’s primary responsibilities to identify in an infant or child?

A

Cognitive impairment

85
Q

Infants and children who may have congenital abnormalities, malignancies, gastrointestinal disease, or central nervous system anomalies are considered…

A

Children with Special needs

86
Q

Concerning growth measurements in children, until what age is recumbent body length usually measured?

A

2 years old

87
Q

At what age is a child going to stand up to have their height measured?

A

After 2 years old

88
Q

To place tape measure above the eyebrows and pinnas and around the occipital lobes is taking the measurement of what body part?

A

Head circumference

89
Q

According to the slides- what (4) body areas are measured for physical growth in a child?

A

Measurement of:
head
chest
abdominal circumference
crown-to- heel measurement.

90
Q

Vital signs on infants should be taken in what order?

A

Respirations
Pulse (HR)
Temperature

(RPT)

91
Q

What type of pulse is taken on infants and young children?

A

Apical pulse

92
Q

What type of pulse is often taken on children 5 years of age and older?

A

a radial pulse

93
Q

An apical heartbeat of a newborn may be ____ beats per minute

A

152 bpm

94
Q

Gradually by adolescence, the beats per minute of the heart rate slows to about how many bpm?

A

72 to 75 bpm

95
Q

Respirations
-Infants respirations are mainly diaphragmatic; meaning what?
-How long should a nurse observe infant respirations? Why and is this normal?
-Including counting respirations, What all should the nurse assess? (3)

A

Diaphragmatic breathing = abdominal breathing
Observe for 1 full minute—Infant breathing may be irregular- this is normal so assess for 1 full minute.
Infant breathing assessment includes: RATE, DEPTH, AND QUALITY

96
Q

Blood pressure should be measured in children ____ years of age and older.

A

3 years of age and older

97
Q

A progressive difficulty seeing things up close in older people is known as what?

A

Presbyopia

98
Q

Newborns can follow bright, colorful objects by what week of life?

A

Second or third week of life

99
Q

This flashcard is to note the main areas of focus for a physical assessment of a pediatric patient:

A

Skin- accessory structures (hair, nails, handprint/footprint)
Eyes and Ears
Nose, mouth, and throat
Lungs, Chest, Back
Abdomen, Extremities
Renal function, Anus, Genitalia

100
Q

Hospital Admissions:
The younger the child, the shorter the period is between the procedure, and the child being told about the pending hospitalization.
When is a toddler told about a pending hospitalization?

A

A toddler is only told days before.

101
Q

It is not unusual for children to regress when hospitalized; this often persists for how long after discharge?

A

Several months after discharge

102
Q

What three discharge instructions should the nurse give to the parents of a child needing to take oral antibiotics at home?

A

-(why) Give the reason the child is taking the medication
-(what is it?) Written information about the medication
-(is it bad? ) Adverse effects

103
Q

There are six stress points to be aware of for the hospitalization of a child? Note them below:

A

1-Admission 2-blood tests
3- the afternoon of the day before surgery
4- injection of preoperative medication before…
5-and during transport to the operating room
6- return to the postanesthesia care unit

104
Q

Concerning the hospitalization of a child, there are three main areas of focus in the slides, what are they?

A

Surgery
Parent participation
Pain management

105
Q

Opioid analgesic is an effective pain control method on children. Will it cause similar adverse effects & possible issues as it does in adults?

A

NO-It will not cause respiratory depression and addiction compared to adults.

106
Q

What is helpful in assessing the pain level of children?

A

Wong-Baker Faces Scale

107
Q

When is the best time to bathe an infant; before or after feeding the infant?

A

Before feeding is best.

108
Q

After feeding an infant, how should you position the infant?

A

Position the infant on the right side (to direct food into the stomach)

109
Q

At the completion of a gavage feeding- what should the nurse do?

A

Flush the tube with STERILE WATER.

110
Q

What does TPN stand for?

A

Total Parental Nutrition

111
Q

What blood vessel specifically is used for TPN infusion for infants and what other types of vessels are preferred for this type of infusion?

A

Subclavian vein
Wide-diameter vessels

112
Q

In infants and young children, what veins may be used to obtain a blood specimen?

A

A jugular or femoral vein

113
Q

What are these used for in infants and children?
-Hood and incubator
-Mist tents
-Nasal cannula

A

Oxygen therapy

114
Q

The timing parameter for suctioning an infant is specific- what is it?

A

5 seconds

115
Q

The method for calculating dosages for children considers what three factors?

A

Age
Body weight
Body surface area.

116
Q

Optic, otic, and nasal medications must be given within what parameter?

A

Drops must be at room temperature

117
Q

Intramuscular injection sites – vastus lateralis and the deltoid muscles- which is preferred for infants/young children?

A

vastus lateralis

118
Q

According to the slides, what vital sign can vary greatly in the pediatric patient?

A

Heart rate

119
Q

According to the slides, what growth factor is most indicative of a child’s development?

A

Nutrition

120
Q

For the infant, new foods should be introduced one _____ at a time.

A

Week

121
Q

According to the slides; This should never be used inside the ear canal. What is it?

A

Cotton-tipped applicator

122
Q

What is the greatest threat to an HIV-infected infant under 1 year of age?

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci (formerly carinii)

123
Q

What is the name of the opportunistic infection that HIV-infected infants are susceptible to acquiring?

A

Candidiasis

124
Q

What is the sudden, unexpected death of a healthy, normal infant under 1 year of age in whom a postmortem examination fails to establish a cause of death?

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

125
Q

What is another word for Laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Croup

Most common form of croup; usually follows upper respiratory infection

126
Q

What is a severe, potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the ________?
• Usually caused by H. influenzae type B
• Can lead to total airway obstruction
• Put child in upright position

A

Acute Epiglottitis

127
Q

Clinical manifestations of stridor and barking cough are associated with
Croup or acute epiglottitis?

A

Croup
AkA (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

128
Q

According to the slides, s/s to be aware of concerning acute epiglottitis is….?

A

Drooling

129
Q

Medical management below is for croup or acute epiglottitis??
High cool mist humidity with low concentration oxygen by
mist tent; epinephrine by aerosol

A

Croup

130
Q

What disorder is inherited and of the exocrine glands,
Is characterized by excessive thick mucus that obstructs
the lungs and GI tract?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

131
Q

What disorder exhibits excess sodium chloride concentrations
in the sweat and saliva?
(These are elevated due to abnormal reabsorption of chloride by epithelial cells.)

A

Cystic fibrosis

132
Q

The LIST below are clinical manifestations of what disorder??

—Steatorrhea (bulky, foul smelling, fatty stools); growth failure; protruding abdomen; and thin, wasted extremities
—Chronic coughing, wheezing, sputum production, and dyspnea
—Child may taste salty when kissed

A

Cystic fibrosis

133
Q

The Sweat Chloride Test is used to confirm what diagnosis??

A

Cystic fibrosis

People with cystic fibrosis have 2 to 5 times the normal amount of sodium and chloride in their sweat. Do not reduce their salt intake.

134
Q

In Cystic fibrosis patients, the pancreatic ducts become clogged with thick mucus that blocks the flow of digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the duodenum.

As a result, what must cystic fibrosis patients do to aid in the absorption of nutrients?

A

Take digestive enzymes

135
Q

For cystic fibrosis patients, what should be administered prior to starting
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)?

Should this all be done before or after meals?

A

Albuterol (Ventolin)

Do CPT AFTER meals

Do albuterol before CPT

136
Q

For what respiratory disorder is the below m/m for:

Engage the child in daily aerobic exercise – stimulate mucous excretion
and enhances _________________.

A

Cystic fibrosis
self-esteem

137
Q

The medical management for cystic fibrosis patients focuses on
Pulmonary function; facilitating lung clearing, promoting Normal growth and development and optimizing nutritional status (high calorie)

A

Management focuses on improving pulmonary function and facilitating lung clearing, preventing or managing respiratory infections, promoting normal growth and development, and optimizing nutritional status (high calorie)

138
Q

Is there a high risk for infection with cystic fibrosis patients?

A

Yes, so always wash your hands

Remember, a m/m for CF is to prevent or manage respiratory infections.

139
Q

Re: cleft lip/palate post-surgery:

Minimize crying – Child may pull at incision line causing ___________ and risk for scar formation – rock infant with favorite blanket

A

Inflammation

140
Q

Loss of skin turgor; dry mucous membranes; sunken eyes; lethargy; rapid, weak pulse; low blood pressure; rapid respirations are s/s of what disorder?

A

Dehydration

141
Q

In dehydration- what is the pulse like; weak or strong?
Is the pulse rapid or slow?
Is the blood pressure high or is it low?
Are the respirations rapid or slowed?

A

PULSE; rapid, weak
Blood pressure; LOW
Respirations: rapid

142
Q

• Potassium – normal value —— to ——-millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

Hint- (3) x 2= (6)
(5)-3= (2)

A

3.6 to 5.2

143
Q

What is the medical management for dehydration ?
—Same as management of ________
• Check specific gravity – normal values ____ to _______
• Check __________– normal value 3.__to 5.__ millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
• Report to MD if abnormal

A

—Same as management of diarrhea
—Check specific gravity – normal values 1.005 to 1.030
—Potassium – normal value 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
— Report to MD if abnormal

Note- in dehydration- potassium will be elevated (hyperkalemia)

144
Q

What are the three nursing interventions for dehydration when caring for an infant?

A

= I & O
= Assess fontanels (sunken)
= Subtract the weight in grams of a dry diaper from the weight of wet diaper.

145
Q

What is the primary and other mentioned clinical manifestations of GERD?

A

Primary: vomiting and spitting up
Weight loss

146
Q

What is Nissen fundoplication?
What disorder does it treat?

A

Nissen fundoplication is a surgical procedure that involves wrapping the fundus of the stomach around the lower part of the esophagus. Stops stomach acid from backing up.

GERD

147
Q

What is telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another called?

A

Intussusception

148
Q

• Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain
• Vomiting and lethargy
• “Currant jelly” RED stool –stool mixed with blood and mucus – hallmark sign

THESE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ARE FOR WHAT DISORDER?

A

Intussusception

149
Q

This disorder requires surgical treatment – after surgery, give infants oral electrolyte solution (that contains glucose and electrolyte)
What disorder is this for?

A

Intussusception

150
Q

An etiology of an absence of peristaltic waves in the affected portion of the intestines; causing intestinal obstruction and distention of the bowel. WHAT DISORDER IS THIS?

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease

151
Q

THE BELOW S/S ARE FOR WHAT DISORDER?

Abdominal distention; vomiting and poor feeding; ribbonlike, foul-
smelling stools

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease

152
Q

According to the slides, what disorder may require a temporary ostomy to relieve an obstructed area and allows the bowel distal to the ostomy to rest?

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease

153
Q

According to the slides, What vaccine protects against PNEUMONIA?

A

PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE: PCV

154
Q

Concrete Operational Thought:
What is the age range?
Erickson or Piaget?
Cognitive Goal: Problem solving or realistic views?

A

7- 11 years old
Piaget
Realistic views

155
Q

Apply oxygen - –
Cool mist tent—- humidifies air and decreases stridor

The above m/m is for what respiratory disorder?

A

Epiglottitis

156
Q

What is the m/m for GERD in an infant? (3)

A

Small, frequent feedings that have been thickened with infant cereal.
Antacids before meals/bedtime
Upright position after eating

157
Q

This etiology is described as an obstructed gastric outlet by a congenitally hypertrophied (enlarged) pyloric muscle. WHAT DISORDER IS THIS?

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

158
Q

Projectile vomiting after feedings is the hallmark sign
And Olive shaped mass in the epigastrium

These are s/s of what gastrointestinal disorder?

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

159
Q

The nissen fundoplication surgery is done to solve what gastrointestinal disease?

A

GERD

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

160
Q

What is “Diarrhea treatment?”

According to the (GI slides)
Review/application to PEDs GI disorders.

A

Assess for fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalance (priority)
BRAT diet – bananas, rice, applesauce and toast
Restore fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

161
Q

= Oral
= Intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular
= Optic, otic, and nasal (drops must be in room temperature)
= Rectal

These are all routes of _______ administration

A

Medication

162
Q

What foods should be avoided in the first 6 months of life? (3)

All (3) can be harmful because they are frequently identified as allergy-producing substances.

A

citrus fruits
egg whites
wheat flour

163
Q

= Have a parent stay with the child during a procedure
= Perform the procedure as quickly as possible
= Allow the child to keep a toy from home

This represents the list for what child age and for what circumstance?

A

Assisting a 3 year old during painful procedures.

164
Q

Erikson’s stage 2;
Task/challenge______
Age range________
Age title________

A

Task/challenge: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
Age range: 1-3 y.o.
Age title: Toddler

165
Q

Immunizations
Month 2

2 B DR HIP

A

2 mo old
B= Hep B
D= Dtap (Diphtheria- tetanus- pertussis)
R= Rotovirus
H= HIB (Haemophilus Influenzae vaccine)
I= IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
P (PCV) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

166
Q

Erickson’s stages by age ranges Only? (Years in numbers only)

A

0-1
1-3
4-6
7-11
12-19
20-44
45-65
65+

167
Q

Piaget’s groups by age only.

A

0-2
2-6
7-11
12 and up

PEDS (1 decks)

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