Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Peds- Behavior & Psych > Flashcards

Peds- Behavior & Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Temperament

A

child’s behavioral “style” (easy, difficult, slow to warm up, etc
environment & learning contribute to temperament, as well as predispositions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

+ consequence (reward) for desired behavior/ increases the frequency of a behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

positive consequence (witholding unpleasant event) for desired behavior/ increases the frequency of a behavior by following with the removal, cessation, or avoidance of an unpleasant event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extinction

A

ignoring a behavior to avoid reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Punishment

A

decreases the frequency of a behavior through unpleasant consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Punishment is more effective when combined with?

A

positive reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Discipline guidelines

A

begin after 6 mo old
express each misbehavior as a clear & concrete rule
state acceptable behavior/alternatives
ignore unimportant/irrelevant behavior
use rules that are fair & attainable for developmental level
concentrate on 1 rule at a time
add rules slowly
avoid trying to change “no win” behavior thru punishment
+ reinforcement for target behavior
apply rules consistently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Timeout

A

one minute/ year of age
no response from parent during timeout
simple punishment (lack of abstract thinking obviates child’s consideration of how bad behavior was)
unavoidable & unpleasant consequence provides motivation to learn & avoid misbehavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Feeding issues

A

provide assortment of food
involve child in when food goes in mouth
encourage use of cup after 1st bday
avoid strict feeding schedule but offer at regular, predictable times
needs to be fun, variety, family present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

average sleep req. for newborn

A

16.5 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

average sleep req. for 6 month old

A

14.5 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

average sleep req. for 12 month old

A

13 3/4 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

average sleep req. for 5 yo

A

11 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

average sleep req for 10 yo

A

9 3/4 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sleep issues

A

emphasize routines

dictate daytime naps to help decrease night time awake time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sleep talking

A

common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sleep walking

A

at least 1 episode in 15% of CH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nightmares

A

end in arousal from sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Night terrors

A

do not end in arousal from sleep (may seem awake but not aware of surroundings/ may not recognize parents)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Infant sleep training

A

after 4 mo old (when nighttime feeding usually no longer needed): after feeding, diaper change & comfort but BEFORE sleep, place in crib outside parent’s rm and allow to cry successively longer intervals before parental return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Delaying infant sleep training until when can be a problem

A

If delayed until onset of separation anxiety around 9-10 mo, may not be possible until it resolves on own around 15-18 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tantrums are common in what age range?

A

18 mo- 4 yo

peak late in 3rd yr of life before age 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tantrums usually last?

A

2-5 minutes

are nl when brief & not manipulative behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Some causes of trantrums

A

recurrent problems that cause frustration, anger, or inability to cope
also unmet needs: hunger, fatigue, overstimulation, inadequate physical activity, domestic violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Solving tantrums

A

Goal: self-regulation of anger & frustration

Interventions usually cause problems to worsen for 1-2 wks before improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Some mechanisms for solving tantrums

A 
are there unmet needs
remove triggers
distraction
remove from environment
\+ reinforcement for good behavior
adhere to routines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Curbing sibling rivalry

A

assign role to older sibling that can be rewarded & praised
expect some regression
present alternative behaviors (give mom a hug if mad/jealous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Masturbation

A

common from pre-schoo
typically not sexualized behavior (mimicked sexual behaviors in pre-schoolers very concerning for sexual abuse)
instruct on appropriate time & place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When does gender self-identification typically occur?

A

2 or 3 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is touching & showing genitals in public typical for pre-schoolers?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Development of sexual identity often occurs when?

A

early adolescence- may require some exploration of roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Homosexual boys practice high-risk behaviors more often than?

A

heterosexual peers- usually b/c it is extremely stressful for adolescents to acknowledge homosexuality to peers & parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When should literacy promotion begin?

A

late in 1st year of life is ideal

34
Q

What does literacy promotion enourage?

A

allow practice with manipulating objects
encourages developing language skills
books are safe toys
promotes + parent-child interactions

35
Q

Harmful effects of TV

A

amount of TV viewing correlates with school performance
TV in bedroom has high correlation with poor school performance
TV watching correlates highly w/ risk of obesity

36
Q

Good TV habits for kids

A

<2 hrs/day
encourage specific programs
teach kid to turn off during meals & close to bedtime
encourage recreational activities other than TV

37
Q

School Performance & Homework Guidance

A

allow ch to master homework
coordinate plan w/ child’s teacher
limit TV until schoolwork improves
consider incentives for hard work
remove privileges for fall off in schoolwork
(temporary- ex: driving, internet use, etc)

38
Q

Potentially harmful effects of divorce

A

future relationships
views of family
few ch have sustained emotional/ behavioral difficulties s/p divorce

39
Q

Divorce advice for pre-school age ch w/ magical thinking

A

make ch understand they are NOT responsible for divorce

ensure parents are not leaving them

40
Q

Divorce advice for school age ch

A

expect anger & rejection
monitor school performance
will often take sides

41
Q

Divorce advice for adolescents

A

expect acting out, including high risk behavior
depression/ somatic sx’s more likely
expect the belief that they are incapable of maintaining lasting romantic relationships

42
Q

General divorce advice

A

acknowledge child is loved by both parents
keep as much as possible in kid’s life constant
noncustodial parent will visit
consider subs if noncustodial parent not involved
help ch discuss issues
clarify divorce is final
protect ch’s + feelings about both parents
maintain nl discipline in BOTH households

43
Q

Pervasive developmental delay (PPD) includes?

A

autistic-spectrum d/o’s
ranges from autism to Asperger’s syndrome

Rett syndrome (in girls only)

44
Q

General info for autistic-spectrum d/o

A

male > female
sx’s should be evident by age 3
associated w/ mental retardation
~5:10,000

45
Q

Autistic-spectrum d/o characterized by

A

severe defects in social communication & interaction

limits to range of activities & interests

46
Q

Asperger’s syndrome includes preserved?

A

language development

47
Q

DDX for autistic-spectrum d/o

A

Fragile X
Tuberous sclerosis
CNS malformation

48
Q

Characteristics of Rett syndrome

A

decelerated head growth

characteristic hand wringing

49
Q

Personality d/o’s

A

oppositional-defiant d/o
conduct d/o
others more common in adults:
borderline, antisocial, schizoaffective, etc

50
Q

oppositional-defiant d/o

A

sever & persistent disobedience

hostility directed toward authority figures

51
Q

conduct d/o

A

violates basic rights of others

violates age-appropriate social norms

52
Q

What is ADHD

A

persistent inattention, hyperactivity & impulsivity compared w/ norms for a child at a particular developmental level, interfering w/ social, academic &/or other functioning

53
Q

In order to dx ADHD it must be seen

A

sx’s must be long-standing

occur in multiple settings (not just at home or school)

54
Q

What else should be considered before dx ADHD?

A

lead poisoning

hyperthyroidism

55
Q

What often co-exists with ADHD?

A

speech-language delays

learning disabilities

56
Q

How do you tx ADHD?

A

stimulants
clonidine
anti-depressants

57
Q

Learning d/o’s

A 
dyslexia
dysgraphia
dyscalculia
nonverbal learning disability
dyspraxia
auditory processing d/o
58
Q

Some things that have delayed toilet training

A

disposable diapers

easier to train older kids

59
Q

When do the middle class typically begin toilet training

A

2nd & 3rd bday
6 mo training time & expect regressions
(early 20th century was done by 18mo)

60
Q

Toilet training helps set stage for future training in:

A

manners
kindness
rules/laws
limit setting

61
Q

Steps of toilet training

A 
recognize impending event
getting to toilet
removing clothes
using toilet
using TP
handwashing

Parental praise for success in any of these steps is important

62
Q

Daytime dryness expected by what age?

A

4

63
Q

nighttime dryness expected by what age?

A

6

64
Q

Important to consider what if enuresis

A

pattern of stooling
sleep hx
recent stresses
FH

65
Q

If void is dribbling or hesitant, observe void for

A

posterior urethral valves
tethered cord/spinal dysraphism (spina bifida)
hypospadias

66
Q

Labs for enuresis

A

UA to assess for chronic UTI, renal dz, DM

67
Q

Treating chronic _____________often relieves enuresis

A

constipation

68
Q

Tx options for enuresis

A

Enuresis alarm (70% success rate with 10% relapse)
imipramine(90% recurrence with stopping)
desmopressin(same)
pediatric hypnotherapy(40% success rate)

69
Q

DDx for constipation & encopresis

A 
aganglionosis (Hirschsprung's)
spinal cord abnormalities
tethered cord
hypothyroidism
med side effects
70
Q

Tx for constipation & encopresis

A

behavior training: 5-10 min 3-4 x/day on toilet
laxatives & lubricants (diet/Rx) for several mo after nl schedule & stool consistency returns
occasional “cleanout” w/ enemas/ full enteral washout

71
Q

dietary modification for constipation & encopresis

A

daily fiber intake in grams= 5 + age in yrs

72
Q

General info on constipation & encopresis

A

95% of ch w/ encopresis have no underlying pathologic condition
common in 5-12 yr olds
cycle of painful stooling, leading to stool retention, leading to worsening of pain w/ defectaion
diminished sensation of rectal stretch prevents nl signal to defecate
hard, impacted stools may lead to liquid soiling as liquid flows around “rock”

73
Q

Diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa

1.5% of adolescent girls, 20:1 f:m

A

refusal to maintain body wt at/above a minimal nl wt for age & ht
intense fear of gaining wt/ becoming fat
denial of seriousness of low body wt
amenorrhea in postmenarche females

74
Q

DDx for anorexia nervosa

A 
esophageal reflux
PUD
malignancy
chronic diarrhea
intestinal malabsorption
IBD
hypothalamic lesions
hyperthyroidism
DM
Addison dz
OCD
drug abuse
depression
75
Q

Anorexia nervosa triggers

A

fear of growing up (early adolescence- body awareness0
rebelliousness (middle adolescence- increased self-awareness)
competition & achievement
anxiety for future, need for control (late adolescence- identity)

76
Q

S & S for anorexia nervosa

A 
lanugo (fine, downy hair)
rough & scaly skin
bradycardia
hypothermia
erosion of tooth enamel
scarring of hard & soft palate
acrocyanosis
77
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for bulimia nervosa

5% prevalence in college-age, 10:1 f:m

A

binge eating w/ sense of lack of ctrl
compensatory behavior to avoid wt gain
vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, excessive exercise
these behaviors 2x/wk for 3 mo
self eval unduly influenced by wt & body shape
does not occur only during episodes of anorexia nervosa

78
Q

Psychiatric d/o’s

A 
substance dependence & addiction
anxiety d/o's
mood d/o's
OCD
somatoform d/o's
psychosis & schizophrenia
79
Q

anxiety d/o’s

A

generalized
specific phobias
panic d/o

80
Q

mood d/o’s

A

depression
bipolar d/o
cyclothymic d/o & dysthymia

81
Q

OCD

A

body dysmorphic d/o
obsessive-compulsive personality d/o
tic d/o’s

82
Q

Somatoform d/o’s

A 
somatization d/o & undifferentiated somatoform d/o
conversion d/o
pain d/o
chronic fatigue syndrome
malingering & factitious d/o

From Flashcardlet (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions