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Lab > Pericardial Sac and Heart > Flashcards

Pericardial Sac and Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the mediastinum?

A

Middle
Superior
Posterior
Anterior

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2
Q

What is in the middle mediastinum?

A

Pericardium
Heart
Roots of the great vessels

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3
Q

What is in the superior mediastinum?

A 
Great veins
Aorta and branches
Parts of trachea
Esophagus
Vagus nerves
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Thoracic duct
Thymus
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4
Q

Where is the anterior mediastinum and what is there?

A

It is between the fibrous pericardium and the sternum

It contains the thymus gland

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5
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Continuation of many of the structures in the superior mediastinum
Esophagus
Descending aorta
thoracic duct

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6
Q

What causes cardiac referred pain?

A

The different sensory fibers enter the spinal cord at the same segments

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7
Q

What usually branch off of the Right Coronary Artery?

A

Right Marginal Branch

Posterior Descending Artery (Posterior Interventricular Artery)

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8
Q

What usually branch off of the Left Coronary Artery?

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery

Circumflex Artery

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9
Q

Where is the Great Cardiac Vein?

A

Around left atrium and down the left ventricle with the LAD

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10
Q

Where is the Small Cardiac Vein?

A

Around right atrium and down the right ventricle

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11
Q

Where is the Middle Cardiac Vein?

A

Down the dorsal interventricular space with the PDA

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12
Q

Where is the Coronary Sinus?

A

Behind the left atrium under the pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

What is the role of the Coronary Sinus?

A

Receives blood from coronary veins

Empties into the right atrium

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14
Q

What about the smallest cardiac veins?

A

Found in the heart wall

empty directly into the heart chambers

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15
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A fibrous sac that encloses the heart and the root of the great vessels

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16
Q

What are the roles of the outer fibrous layer of the pericardium?

A

Connects to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Holds heart in place
Protects the heart from overfilling

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17
Q

What are the nervous and blood supply of the pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerve

Pericardiacophrenic arteries

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18
Q

Where is the parietal pericardium and what is it?

A

It is fused to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

It is a serous membrane

19
Q

Where is the visceral pericardium (epicardium)?

A

Reflected onto the heart and base of the great vessels

Continuous with the parietal pericardium

20
Q

What are the nervous and blood supply of the epicardium?

A

Coronary plexus

Coronary arteries

21
Q

Surfaces of the heart

A

Sternocostal (r ventricle)
Diaphragmatic (l ventricle)
Base (mostly l atrium)
Apex (l ventricle)

22
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Separates the atria from the ventricles

23
Q

Interventricular sulcus

A

Separates the two ventricles

24
Q

Crista terminalis

A

A muscular ridge internally that separates the primitive atrium from the smooth remnant of the sinus venosus

25
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Stringy muscles in the atria

26
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Separates left and right atria

Contains the fossa ovalis and limbus

27
Q

Tricuspid valve cusps

A

Septal
Posterior
Anterior

28
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Stringy attachments to the cusps

29
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Attached to chordae tendineae from the ventricular walls

Prevents the cusps from being forced into the atrium

30
Q

Parts of the pulmonary valve cusps

A

3 cusps (anterior, left, and right)
Sinus
Lunula and nodule

31
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

Thicker stringy muscles in the ventricles

32
Q

Mitral valve

A

Has anterior and posterior cusps

33
Q

Aortic valve

A

Three cusps (posterior, right, and left)

34
Q

Where is the SA node?

A

Upper end of the sulcus terminalis of the right atrium (between SVC and right auricle)

35
Q

SA node nervous and blood supply?

A

Vagus nerve

Right or left coronary arteries

36
Q

Where is the AV node?

A

In the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus

37
Q

AV node nervous and blood supply?

A

Left vagus nerve

Right coronary artery

38
Q

Cardiac plexus sympathetic innervation

A

Postganglionic from the sympathetic trunk in the upper thoracic and cervical regions
Carry pain sensation

39
Q

Cardiac plexus parasympathetic innervation

A

Preganglionic of the vagus nerve

Synapse in ganglia in the heart wall

40
Q

Listening to valves

A

Mitral–apex (5th intercostal space)
Aortic–2nd right intercostal space on sternum
Tricuspid–lower end of the sternum (4th space)
Pulmonary–2nd left intercostal space on sternum

41
Q

MI locations

A

Anterior IV branch of LCA (40-50%)
RCA (30-40%)
Circumflex branch of LCA (15-20%)

42
Q

Heart block

A

Conduction is blocked

Ventricles may continue to beat independently

43
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart caused by fluid

Lab (3 decks)

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