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AP World History > Period 0 Test > Flashcards

Period 0 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Nomadic

A

Groups migrating when food supplies run low

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2
Q

Sedentary

A

Non-Migratory

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3
Q

Egalitarian

A

Equal social roles between men and women

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4
Q

Paleolithic Era

A

Old Stone Age

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5
Q

Domestication

A

Animals and plants being tamed to aid humans

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6
Q

Specialization of labor

A

People working at different tasks they are good at

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7
Q

Food Surplus

A

More food than is necessary to survive; enables specialization of labor

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8
Q

Advanced Civilization Requirements

A

Advanced Cities
Specialized workers
Social classes
Complex institutions
Record keeping
Advanced technology

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9
Q

Patriarchy

A

A system of society/government where men hold most, if not all, the power

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10
Q

Great Leap Sideways

A

Women generally losing status under male-dominated, patriarchal systems

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11
Q

Human Impact on Environment

A

Deforestation
Erosion
Flooding
Selective Extinction

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12
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The spreading/merging of different cultures

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13
Q

Venus Statues

A

Common in the first cities, Jericho and Catal Huyuk. Showed that they were egalitarian.

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14
Q

Monarchy

A

Government led by a king/ruler

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

Government led by a group of people

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16
Q

Democracy

A

Government led by the people

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17
Q

Dynasty

A

A line of hereditary rulers

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18
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Government led by state officials instead of elected representatives

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19
Q

Legalism

A

Belief system that humans are naturally evil and will only obey through force

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20
Q

Cuneiform

A

Writing system used by ancient Mesopotamia

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21
Q

Sickles

A

Created in Mesopotamia as a way to make farming easier. First sign of people using agriculture.

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22
Q

Pastoral Nomads

A

People who raised livestock but migrate with their animals

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23
Q

Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica

A

Omec

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24
Q

Hinduism

A
  • Caste System : Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (rulers/warriors), Vaishyas (merchants/landowners/etc), Shudras (commoners/peasants/servants), Untouchables
  • By doing good work, people can be reincarnated into a higher caste, until they eventually reach eternal salvation
  • Vedas : Holy book
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25
Q

Buddhism

A
  • Human life is suffering, and the only way to escape the cycle is to achieve nirvana through meditation, labor, and good behavior (following the Dharmas)
  • Created by Buddha
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26
Q

Judaism

A
  • Monotheistic religion that believes in God, but not Jesus
  • Have Synagogue every Saturday, led by a Rabbi
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27
Q

Christianity

A
  • Believe God created the world, and Jesus is the son of God and the Messiah
  • Follow the Pope, the 10 Commandments, the Bible, and their priests/pastors
  • Sect of Judaism
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28
Q

Islam

A
  • Believe in Allah (the God of everyone) and
    Muhammad is the prophet of Allah
  • Follow the Five Pillars of Islam and the Quaran
  • Most qualified person (went to school to become a scholar) leads
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29
Q

Confucianism

A
  • Follow the golden rule
  • Believe in Yin and Yang
30
Q

Daoism/Taoism

A
  • Believe people must have harmony with nature and in honoring their ancestors
31
Q

Zoroastrianism

A
  • Believe the world was created by God, or Ahuva
  • Believe everyone either follows the Path of Asha (truth; good) or Path of Druj (lies; evil)
  • Good thoughts, good words, good deeds
32
Q

Cyrus the Great

A
  • Created and organized the Persian Empire
  • Extended territory from India to the Mediterranean Sea
33
Q

Satraps

A

Government representatives in the Persian Empire

34
Q

Tribute

A

Precious metals that functioned as taxes

35
Q

Persian Wars

A

Greeks living in Persia rebelled in Ionia. Darius sent troops to punish the Greeks, but was not expecting Athens

36
Q

Persia After Alexander the Great Took Over

A

Persia adopted many parts of Greek culture, such as the cities and the language

37
Q

Fall of the Persian Empire

A
  • Greco-Persian Wars weakened the Persian Empire and sparked its decline
  • Conquered by Alexander the Great
38
Q

Minoan

A

Civilization, also called the Crete, that lived near the Mediterranean Sea who turned to the sea since their environment was not suitable for farming

39
Q

Linear A

A

Writing system used by the Minoan, but is currently undecipherable

40
Q

Mycenaeans

A

Civilization that replaced the Minoans

41
Q

Linear B

A

Writing system used by the Mycenaeans, and is decipherable

42
Q

Father of Athenian Democracy

A

Cleisthenes

43
Q

Athens

A
  • Distinct classes (farmers and aristocrats), which lead to discontent and reforms
  • Slave labor used
  • High class women were confined to the home, and women; in general, had no political rights
44
Q

Sparta

A
  • Large number of helots (slaves)
  • Everyone was equal (simple clothing, no jewelry, unadorned homes)
  • Strict educational system
  • Self-sufficiency (luxuries were harmful to purity)
  • Women were free, equal, and had great responsibilities
45
Q

Secularism

A

Separation of religion from government affair

46
Q

Philosophers

A

Posed ethical questions to seek truth
Ex: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

47
Q

Fall of the Greek Empire

A
  • Fighting between city states, such as Sparta and Athens
  • Conquered by Rome
48
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

Twins who were raised by a she-wolf. They created and led a city together, but Romulus wanted all the power. He killed him brother, took the power, and named the city Rome.

49
Q

Senate

A

Controlled political decisions
Patricians (aristocrats) who passed their position to their sons
Led by two consuls

50
Q

General Assembly

A

Plebeians (commoners)
Little power
Eventually had tribunes (representatives)
Elected by the people, but eventually controlled by the Senate

51
Q

Triumvirate

A

Rome led by “rule of three” (three rulers)
Most famous example:
Julius Caesar: charismatic patrician and general
Crassus: wealthy
Pompey : rival general to Caesar

52
Q

Julius Ceasar

A

Was loved by the people, so declared himself dictator and then assassinated by the senators on the Ides of March

53
Q

Cleopatra

A

The last queen of Egypt who formed alliances with powerful Romans
Gave birth to Julius Caesar’s child, who she wanted to be the heir and rule Rome
Married Mark Antony and sided with him in the wars with Octavian
Eventually committed suicide

54
Q

Mark Antony

A

Cleopatra’s husband
Fought with Octavian for control of Rome

55
Q

Octavian Caesar

A

Nephew of Julius Caesar
Beat Mark Antony
Became the ruler of Rome and given the title Augustus Caesar

56
Q

Republic to Empire Event

A

When Augustus became the leader of Rome, he changed it into an empire

57
Q

Pax Romana

A

When Rome reached its highest point; a period of peace and prosperity where the borders were stabilized and trade thrived. Caused by Augustus Caesar.

58
Q

Paterfamilias

A

Head of a Roman family; the oldest living male

59
Q

Punic Wars

A

Series of wars between Rome and Carthage. Carthage controlled the Western Mediterranean; but Rome eventually won. They destroyed the city of Carthage, salted the earth, and took control.

60
Q

Aqueducts

A

An artificial channel that carries water to urban areas. Utilized by Rome.

61
Q

Hadrian’s Wall

A

“Defensive mode” of the Roman Empire

62
Q

Fall of the Roman Empire

A
  • Uncertainty of the emperor’s succession
  • Pressure from nomads raiding the borders
  • Declined trade
  • Epidemic disease
  • Capital moved to the East, or from Rome to Constantine
63
Q

Beliefs Put into Peace to Solve China’s Problem

A

Legalism, Taoism/Daoism, and Confucianism

64
Q

Great Wall of China

A

First fortifications began during Qin Dynasty; although, northern nomadic people easily got around it during the Han Dynasty

65
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

Chinese political ideology that says the ruler of China was chosen by Heaven

66
Q

Forbidden City

A

Walled section of a city that contained administrative buildings and the houses of aristocrats/scholar gentry

67
Q

Silk

A

China’s most important export that led to the creation of the Silk Road

68
Q

Examination System

A

A university for scholars, usually aristocrats’ sons, utilized by China to identify the best candidates to lead the country

69
Q

Social Classes of China

A

Scholar Gentry (wealth that was passed down through the family)
Ordinary Citizens (free peasants forced to work for landlords and who had to spend time each year on public works)
Merchants (viewed lower because they benefited from others’ work)
Underclass (non-Han Chinese, bandits, beggars, vagabonds)

70
Q

Religious Ties in India

A

Caste system was a basis of Hinduism
Vedic Age: Named after the Vedas, and was when the beliefs became known as Hinduism

71
Q

Major Trade Routes and their Significance

A

Silk Road
Indian Ocean Trade (People already traded along the Red Sea and Arabian Peninsula. Routes connected to create a vast trade network using relay trade, or caravans, and boats with lateen sails)
Saharan Trade (Connected areas of Sub-Saharan Africa to each other and East Africa)

72
Q

General Reasons why Empires Fell

A

Attacks by nomadic groups
Serious internal problems
Problems of interdependence

AP World History (2 decks)

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